


















































































































































































































































































































































































































Class__ 




Book. ,, __ 

H04- 


COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 





4 






DIMENSIONS OF 


PIPE, FITTINGS & VALVES 


COMPILED AND ARRANGED 


FOR 

ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS 
AND DRAFTSMEN. 


ALSO CONTAINING SOME INFORMATION ON 
STEAM HEATING, BATHROOM FIXTURES 
ETC. ETC. 


BY 

W. D. BROWNING. 


THE DRAFTSMAN 

CLEVELAND, O. 





P* 3 

. ^oA 


V 

b a 


I 


•% 

i 


LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
Two Copies Received 

NOV 1 1904 

Copyrignt tntry 

o^nr, 

class oJm* NOI 

l06<>+sr 

COPY B. 


\ 


Copyrighted , 1(404 By IV. D. Browning 



PRINTED BY 
THE BROWNING PRESS 

Cleveland, O. 

1904. 







INTRODUCTORY. 


The object of the author is to collect and arrange such dimensions 
and information which will enable the draftsman, engineer or architect to 
plan and draw all classes of work which includes pipes, fittings and valves. 

No printed matter has been seen which covers as many points as 
the diagrams and tables here produced and the author feels that he can 
claim some originality. 

The first table, that on globe valves was compiled about 1894 at 
the shops of Wm. Wallace Sz Bros., LaFayette, Ind., and the author wish¬ 
es to express his appreciation for the aid given by the late Mr. Jas. Wal¬ 
lace of that city. 

Much credit is due Mr. Frank J. Barra for assistance in compil¬ 
ing and arranging matter as well as for many sketches and tables. 

Some of the tables have been taken whole or in part from trade 
catalogs and proper credit is given on page where used but much has 
been obtained by actual measurement. 

Due to the amount necessary to be placed in some tables, it has 
been found a difficult task to make all uniform, hence matter had to 
be adjusted by the printer to fit best. 

Since there is now on the market such a variety of makes of fit¬ 
tings and valves, no attempt should be made by the draftsman to claim 
that measurements should be made exactly to his drawing. 

The best fitters always measure to the center of the outlet and 
a drawing should always be dimensioned that way. 

The dimensions here given are taken from fittings actually in use 
or in supply stores and the careful draftsman will no doupt be able to 
work in on his drawing such odd sizes as are only mentioned or illustrated, 

W. D. BROWNING. 


Cleveland, O. 







CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER I. 

Pipe.... 1-22 

Standard, Extra Strong and Double Extra Strong Wrought Iron Pipe. 
Expansion, Covering, Hanging and Bending of Wrought Iron Pipe. 
Nipples, Syhons, Pipe Columns. Cast Iron Spigot and Flanged Pipe. 
“Spiral Riveted Pipe, Lead Pipe. Sewer Pipe and Drain Tile. 

CHAPTER II. 

Fittings...22-55 

Malleable Elbows, Tees, Street Elbows Couplings, Return bends, Caps. 
Plugs, Bushings, Nuts, Railing Fittings, Bases and Unions. Wrought 
Iron Flanges, Cast Iron Elbows, Tees, Branches or Manifolds, Return 
Bends, Flanges Flanged Fittings and Saddles. Tees, Crosses, Bends and 
Increasers for Bell and Spigot Pipe. 

CHAPTER III, 

Vaeves.45-55 

Brass Globe Angle and Cross Valves, Cast Iron Globe Angles and Cross 
Valves, Flanged Valves, Check Valves, Stop Cocks, Radiator Valves, 
Safety and Gate Valves. 


CHAPTER IV. 

Miscellaneous Articles. 55-65 

Steam Gages and Cocks, Water Columns Injectors. Plain Oil Cups, 
Grease Cups, Sight Feed Rubricator, Whistles, Fire Hydrants, Hose. 

CHAPTER V. 

Miscellaneous Information. 65 

Steam Heating, Steam Coils, Radiators, Table of Mains and Branches, 
Bathroom Fixtures, Properties of Saturated Steam Weight of Water. 
Thermometer Scales, Table of circumferences and Area of Circle. Cast 
Iron Washers. Wrought Iron Washers. 













PIPE, FITTINGS <5c VALVES. 


CHAPTER I 

PIPE. 

The designing of a sytem of piping is properly the work of a profes¬ 
sional engineer or architect, yet the amount of labor and material thrown 
away under a misapprehension of the subject is enormous. 

The fact that so much of the material used is standard, persuades 
the designer to let the job go without much thought because it is like 
some other or it was done that way before without looking into the matter 
to see if the proper materials have really been selected. 

This standard system was established by the late Robert Briggs, 
G. E.. heretofore generally used and now formally adopted by the Manu¬ 
facturers of Wrought-Iron Pipe and Boiler Tubes in the United States, 
at their meeting held in Pittsburg, October 2<T, 1886, and confirmed at a 
meeting held in New York. May 9, amending the list to exclude 9 inch, 
which is changed from 9.88 inch to 9.625 inch, outside diameter; also 
adopted by the Association of Manufacturers of Brass and Iron, Steam, 
Gas and Water Work of the United States, in convention, New York, 
December 8, 1886. 

For Comprehensive information regarding the subject of standard 
pipe and pipe-threads, as aplie4 to American practice, we would refer all 
who may be interested to the Excerpt Minuets of Proceedings of the 
Institution of Civil Engineers of Great Britain, Vol. LXXI, Sessions 1882 
—3’ Part 1, containing the paper of the late Robert Briggs, C. E., pre¬ 
sented and read after his death, on “American Practice in Warming 
Buildings by Steam” 

The following extracts from the paper of Mr. Briggs (included 
more fully in the report of the committee on standard pipe and pipe- 
threads, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. VIII, transac¬ 
tions), are here presented, giving data upon which the Briggs standard 
pipe-thread sizes are based: 

“The taper employed for the conical tube-ends is uniform with all makers 
of tubes or fittings, namely an inclination of 1 in 32 to the axis. Custom 
has established also a particular length of screwed end for each different 
diameter of tube. Tubes of the several diameters are kept in stock by 
manufacturers and merchants, and form the basis of a regular trade in the 
apparatus for gas or liquids. A knowledge of all these particulars is there 
fore essential for designing apparatus. The ruling dimensions in wrought 
iron tube work is the external diameter of certain nominal sizes, which 



2 


Flat Threads. 


are designated roughly according to their internal diameter. These no¬ 
minal sizes were mainly established in the English tube trade between 
1820 and 1840, and certain pitches of screw-thread were than adopted 
for them, the coarseness of the pitch varying roughly with the diameter, 
but in an arbitrary way utterl^ devoid of regularity. The length of the 
screwed portion on the tube end varies with the external diameter of the 
tube according to an arbitrary rule of thumb; whence results, for each size 
of tube, a certain minimum thickness of metal at the outer extremity of 
the tapering screwed tube-end. It is the determination of this minimum 
thickness of metal, for the tapering screwed end of a wrought-iron tube, 
which constitutes the question of mechanical interest. 

“The thread employed has an angle of 60°; it is slightly rounded 
off both at the top and at the bottom, so that the height or depth of the 
thread; instead of being exactly equal to the pitch, is only four-fifths of 
the pitch, or equal to 0.8n, if n be the number of threads per inch. Fcr 
the length of tube-end throughout which the screw thread continues per¬ 
fect, the empirical formula used is (0.8D+4.8) X n, where D is the actu¬ 
al external diameter of the tube throughout its parallel length, and is ex¬ 
pressed in inches. Further back, beyond the perfect threads, come two 
having the same taper at the bottom, but imperfect at the top. The re¬ 
maining imperfect portion of the scew thread, furthest back from the ex¬ 
tremity of the tube, is not essential in any way to this system cf joint; and 
and its imperfection is simply incidental to the process of cutting the 
thread at a single operation.” 


Flat Threads. 

Some people discard material on account of the threads being a 
trifle flat. If one will only stop to reason out this matter, he will see how 
absurd this idea is. The entire thread on the pipe must be flat, in order 
to conceive cf a leak being produced, and then the leak must traverse the 
circumference cf the pipe as many times as there are threads in contact. 

Now, it might be possible to have aleak under these circumstances 
if no cement were used; but with the use of any cement* or without ce¬ 
ment but with the smallest particle of perfect thread, this could not oc- 
cure. 

With regard to the small grooves that somtimes occure in threads 
due to the weld not being perfectly brought up, this is another feature on 
account of which an immense amount of threading is rejected. It will be 
seen, upon a little reflection, that this groove could not possibly produce 
a leak unless it ran the entire length of the thread contact, and in depth 
went below the bottom of the thread. 


Broken Threads . 


3 


Broken Threads.* 

Another cause of rejection cf material is where the threads have 
been broken off a little. Propably not so much as one per cent of the 
whole bearing of the thread is gone, yet some wise (?) steamfitters will 
throw out this material. This is also an absurd theory, there being a 
large factor of strength in the length of all threads, as we know from the 
tests that we made some time ago with an eight inch coupling. We cut 
away all thread excepting three-eights of an inch, thereby leaving only 
about one-fifth of the ordinary bearing of that size thread, after which it 
was put under a pressure of one thousand pounds without a leak. 

It is no doupt the common practice of steamfitters and engineers 
to reject threads were only one per cent are broken. The utter absurd¬ 
ity of this is shown by the above test, wherein about eighty per cent of 
the strength of the thread has been taken away. 

For the purpose of illustrating these erroneous ideas, we took an 
eight-inch coupling and apiece of eight-inch pipe, and throughout the 
whole length of the bearing of the thread in the coupling and on the pipe 
we made grooves, such as are likely to occure when there is a defective 
weld. The grooves extented about half the depth of the thread, and 
were made an inch apart for the entire circumference of the pipe. Then 
we flattened all the threads, both on the pipe and in the coupling, except¬ 
ing a mere speck in each. Also, to offset the broken thread feature of 
this question, we cut three grooves in the pipe, one-fourth of an inch 
wide and the full dept of the thread. 

This coupling and piece of pipe were then screwed together and 
tested to 500 pounds of air, at which pressure the joint was tight, dem¬ 
onstrating conclusively the stupidity of steam-fitters and engineers on 
this subject, as claimed in the beginning of this article. The amount of 
defect in the threads used in this test was at least 100 per cent greater 
than that for which the regular steam-fitter or engineer will reject ma¬ 
terial. 

Bursting Strength.* 

Ordinary commercial pipe, 12" and smaller, appears to have an 
ultimate bursting strength in excess of 1500 pounds per square inch, 
provided the weld is perfect. We have tested some lengths of 10" pipe 
taken at random out of stock to 2,300 pounds per square inch; 8" pipe 
to 2,000 pounds; 12" to 1500 pounds; 16" %" thick to 800 pounds; 
24" %" thick to 600 pounds—all without rupture or apparent distortion, 
We have tested from time to time thousands of pieces of all sizes, 20" 
and smaller, under 800 pounds per square inch, so that as far as strength 
is concerned, there appears to be no reason why pipe heavier than stand¬ 
ard should be used on power plant work. In plants where the feed wa¬ 
ter is bad, it is economy to run the feed lines of extra strong pipe, and 
this has become quite a common practice even where the water is com¬ 
paratively good. 


4 


Drills a,7id Pipe Tapes.. 


Size of Drills and Taps for Wrought 
Iron Pipe. 


Internal 

Dia. 

Inches 

Size of 

Drill 

No.Thrds 

Pr. Inch 

Length 
of Perfect 
Thrd at 
Bottom 

\ 

.3281=|| 

27 

3 

is 

\ 

.4531=|| 

18 

9 

3 Z 

- 8 

.5937=if 

18 

\* 

64 

i 

•'187=f| 

14 

a 

a 

a 

4 

.9375=f| 

14 

15 

3 i 

1 

,1.1857=1* 

Hi 

J 

n 

1.4687=1 J-f 

Hi 

8 5 

6? 

n 

1.7187=12| 

Hi 

A ! 

2 

2.1875=2^ 

Hi 

II 

2z 

2.6875=2}J 

8 

1 

3 

3.3125=3 t \ 

8 

n 

3* 

3.8125=31^ 

8 

i 

4 

4.3125=3 T 5 5 

8 

• l^r 

4* 

4H 

8 

f 6 7 ¥ 

5 

5| 

8 


6 

«t 

8 

U 

7 

7 Is 

8 

If 

8 

8 I; 

8 

1A 

9 


8 

h% 

10 

10M 

8 

1H 

12' 


8 



Threads taper in. one foot 


Capacity of Pipe. 


Convention af Pipe Fittings., 



Main . 
Return. 


Drip. 


B “ boiler. ct - Tec 

h =Check Valve. 

ct - Globe Valve, e - Cock. 

i - 45°Elbow 

b - Cra*5. f - Risers. 

p - Pipe. 

c — Gate Valve. c[ - Elbow, 

IL - Union. 

The above illustration shows a 


maner of drawing in pipe, fittings 
and valves in a conventional 
method. 

There are many , cases where 
such a drawing will be quite suita¬ 
ble to the needs of the steamfitter 
who will have to cut and put up the 
pipe to the requirements. 

Illustration from Machinery. 


Capacities and Threads of Standard W. I. Pipe 


Nomi- 

nai 

I nside 
Diam. 
Inches 

Length 

to 

Thread 

Inches 

Length 

gas. 

mg one 
Gallon 
Feet 

Con¬ 
tained ’ 
Pounds 
of Water 
per Lineal 
Foot 

} 

Nomi¬ 

nal 

Inside 

Diam, 

Inches 

Length 

to 

Thread 

Inches 

Length 
of Pipe 
Contain¬ 
ing one 
Gallon 
Feet 

Con¬ 
tained 
Pounds 
of Water 
per Lineal 
Foot 

54 

A 

336.6 

.024 

344 

1* 

195 

4.285 



148.8 

.044- 

. 4 

154 

1.51 

5.517 

* 

•it 

100 8 

.082 

454 

IX 

1.2 

6.908 

54 

A 

63.2 

132 

5 

\X 

96 

8.668 



*36'. 1 

23 

1 6 

1H 

.66 

12.521 

1 


22 3 

.373 

7 

•154 

.49 

16.79 

IX 

if 

K2.8 

.648 

8 

IX 

.38 

21.688 

\)i 

IS 

9.4 

.883 

9 

1 % 

3 

27.58 

2 


S 7 

1.454 

10 

IX 

.24 

34.171 

254 

1 

4.02 

2.(772 

1 1 


• 2 

41.189 

3 

1 

2 6 

3.202 

12 


.17 

49.017 


Pipe is made in lengths , 
varying from 16 to 20 
feet and is threaded un¬ 
less otherwise ordered. 





































7 Veight of Standard Pipe. 


5 


NATIONAL TUBE CO. — Black or Galvanized Standard Weig ht Pipe. 



Diameter. 

Thick¬ 

ness. 

Circumference. 

Transverse Areas. 

Nom.Wgt. 
per ft. lbs. 

Threads 
per In. 

Nom. 

External. 

Internal. 

External. 

Internal. 

External. 

Internal. 

Metal. 

X 

.405 

.269 

.068 

1.272 

.845 

. 1288 

.0568 

.0720 

.241 

27 

X 

.540 

.364 

.088 

1.696 

1.144 

.2290 

.1041 

.1249 

.42 

18 

X 

.675 

.493 

.091 

2.121 

1.549 

.3578 

.1909 

.1669 

.559 

18 

X 

.840 

.622 

.100 

2.639 

1.954 

.5542 

.3039 

.2503 

.837 

14 

X 

1.050 

.824 

.113 

3.299 

2.589 

.8659 

.5333 

.3326 

1.115 

14 

1 

1.315 

1.047 

.134 

4.131 

3.289 

1.3581 

.8609 

.4972 

1.668 

11X 

ix 

1.660 

1.380 

.140 

5.215 

4.335 

2.1642 

1.4957 

.6685 

2.244 

11X 

IX 

1.900 

1.610 

.145 

5.969 

5.058 

2.8353 

2.0358 

.7995 

2.678 

11X 

2 

2.375 

2.087 

.154 

7.461 

6.494 

4.4301 

3.3556 

1.074 

3.609 

li X 

2'X 

2.875 

2.467 

.204 

9.032 

7.750 

6.4918 

4.7800 

1.712 

5.739 

8 

3 

3.500 

3.066 

.217 

10.996 

9.632 

9.6211 

7.3827 

2.238 

7.536 

4 4 

3 X 

4.000 

3.548 

.226 

12.568 

11.146 

12.566 

9 886 

2.680 

9.001 


4 

4.500 

4.026 

.237 

14.137 

12.648 

15.904 

12.730 

3.174 

10.665 

■il 

4 X 

5.000 

4.508 

.246 

15.703 

14.162 

19.635 

15.960 

3.675 

’ 12.34 

n 

5 

5.563 

5 045 

.259 

17.477 

15.849 

24.306 

19.985 

4.321 

14.502 

ft 

6 

6.625 

6.065 

.280 

20.813 

19.054 

34.472 

28.886 

5.586 

18.762 

<< 

7 

7.625 

7.023 

.301 

23.955 

22.063 

45.664 

38.743 i 

6.921 

23.271 

it 

8 

8.625 

7.981 

.322 

27.096 

25.073 

58.426 

50.021 

8.405 

28.177 

*•« 

9 

9.625 

8.937 

.344 

30.238 

28.076 

72.760 

62.722 

10.04 

33.701 

m 

10 

10.750 

10.018 

.366 

33.772 

31.472 

90.763 

78.822 

11.94 , 

40.065 

n 

11 

11.750 

11.000 

.375 

36.913 

34.558 

108.43 

95.034 

13.40 

45.95 

1 1 

12 

12 750 

12.000 

.375 

40.055 

37.699 

127.68 

113.09 

14.59 

48.985 • 

•44 


Allow variation in weight per foot of 5 per cent, above and 5 per cent, below. Cannot cut closer to lengtn than 
inch. Shipped threads ur'^ss o'herw'sr* 


'NATIONAL TUBE CO.—Standard Extra Strong Pipe. 


Diameter 

Thick¬ 

ness. 

Circumference. 

Transverse Areas. 

Nom.Wgt. 
per ft. lbs. 

Threads 
per In. 

Nom. 

External. 

Internal. 

External. 

Internal. 

External. 

Internal. 

Metal. 

X 

.405 

.205 

.100 

1.272 

.644 

.129 

.033 

.096 

.29 

27 

X 

.540 

.294 

.123 

1.696 

.924 

.229 

.068 

.161 

.54 

18 

X 

.675 

.42.1 

.127 

2.121 

1.323 

.358 

.139 

.219 

.74 

18 

X 

• .840 

.542 

.149 

2.639 

1.703 

.554 

.231 

.323 

1.09 

14 

X 

1.050 

.736 

.157 

3.299 

2.312 

.866 

.425 

.441 

1.39 

14 

1 

1.315 

.951 

.182 

4.131 

2.988 

1.358 

.710 

.648 

2.17 

11 '/* 

ix 

1.660 

1.272 

.194 

5.215 

3.996 

2.164 

1.271 

.893 

3.00 

nx 

IX 

1.900 

1.494 

.203 

5.969 

4.694 

2.835 

1.753 

1.082 

3.63 

11X 

*2 

2.375 

1.933 

.221 

7.461 

6.073 

4.430 

2.935 

1.495 

5.02 

u X 

2X 

2.875 

2 315 

.280 

9.032 

7.973 

6.492 

4.209 

2.283 

7.67 

8 

3 

3.500 

2.892 

.304 

10.996 

9.086 

9.621 

6.569 

3.052 

10.25 

i i 

SX 

4.000 

3.358 

.321 

12.566 

10.549 

12.566 

8.856 

8.710 

12.47 

4 t 

4 

4.500 

3,818 

.341 

14.137 

11.995 

15.904 

11.449 

4.455 

14.97 

t t 

4X 

5.000 

4.280 

.360 

15.708 

13.446 

19.635 

14.387 

5.248 

18.22 

it 

5 

5.563 

4.813 

.375 

17.477 

15.120 

24.306 

18.193 

6.113 

20.54 

IH 

6 

6.625 

5.751 

.437 

20.813 

18.067 

34.472 

25.976 

8.496 

28.58 

• • 

7 

7.625 

6.625 

.500 

23.955 

20.813 

45.664 

34.472 

11.192 

37.67 

<* 

8 

8.625 

7.625 

.500 

27.096 

23.955 

58.426 

45.664 

12.762 

43.00 

<« 

9 

9.625 

8.625 

.500 

30.238 

27.096 

72.760 

58.426 

14.334 

48.25 

(X 

10 

10.750 

9.750 

.500 

33.772 

30.631 

90.763 

74.662 

16.101 

54.25 

« 4 

12 

12.750 

11.750 

.500 

40.055 

36.914 

127.68 

108.43 

19.25 

65.00 

li 


NATIONAL TUBE CO.—Standard Double Extra Strong Pipe. 


Diameter. 

Thick¬ 

ness. 

Circumference 

Transverse Areas. 

Nom.Wgt. 
per ft. 
lbs. 

Threads 
per In. 

Nom. 

External. 

Internal. 

External. 

Internal. 

External. 

Internal. 

Metal 

Area 

X 

.840 

.244 

.298 

2.639 

.767 

.554 

.047 

.507 

1.7 

14 

X 

1.050 

,422 

.314 

3.299 

1.326 

.866 

.140 

.726 

2.44 

14 

1 

1.315 

.587 

.364 

4.131 

. 1.844 

1.358 

,271 

1 087 

3.65 

11X 

ix 

1.660 

.885 

.388 

5.215 

2 780 

2.164 

.615 

1.549 

5.2 

11X 

IX 

1.900 

1.088 

.406 

5.969 

3.418 

2.835 

930 

1.905 

6.4 

11X 

"2 

2.375 

1.491 

.442 

7 461 

4.684 

4.430 

1.744 

2.686 

9.02 

li'X 

2X' 

2.875 

1.755 

.560 

9 032 

5.514 

6.492 

2.419 

4.073 

13.68 

8 

3- 

3.500 

2.284 

.608 

10 996 

7.176 

9.621 

4.097 

5.524 

18.56 


3 X 

4.000 

2.716 

.642 

12.566 

8.533 

12.566 

5.794 

6.772 

22.75 

«« 

4 

4.500 

3.136 

.682 

14.137 

9.852 

15.904 

7.724 

8.180 

27.48 

M 

■4X 

5.000 

3.564 

.718 

15 708 

11.197 

19.635 

9.976 

9.659 

32.53 

(4 

5 

5.563 

4.063 

750 

17.477 

12 764 

24.306 

12.965 

11.341 

38.12 

<4 

<6 

6.625 

4.875 

.875 

20.813 

15.315 

34.472 

18.665 

15.807 

53.11 

< l 

7 

7.625 

5.875 

.875 

23.955 

18 457 

45.664 

27.109 

18.555 

62.38 

< ( 

8, 

8.625 

6.875 

,875 

27.096 

21.598 

58.426 

37.122 

21.304 

71.62 

t % 























































































6 


Expansion, Hanging and Covering of Pipe. 


Expansion of Pipe. 

The expansion of pipe on being heated must always be considered 
in the arrangement of steam piping of any kind. 

If a long pipe ends at a corner or in other words, the steam is to 
be taken around a turn, this corner often affords opportunity to the pipe 
to stretch some without straining joints or breaking fittings. 

Pipe expands about 1" in 125’ on a 
rise of temperature of 100° or 2 
in 100* for a rise from 64° to 544* 
which is the temperature of steam 
at 125 lbs. preassure. A cast iron 
pipe 254 feet long has been known 
to expand 7'. (It has been stated 
in “Heating and Ventilation ” that a pipe might be considered to move 
about 1%" in 100 feet in a change of temperature from 30 to 212° or 
about 1-900 of its length.) 

Pipe should not be supported on a brick or aflat piece of iron when 
laid in a box underground, for it has been found that the movement of 
the pipe due to expansion has worn a hole in the pipe. 

Some simple roller arrangement should be put under the pipe to 
carry it while expanding. 

Hanging Pipe. 

Pipe must be supported at intervals to keep it in line and to avoid 
strain on the joints. 

When near a wall, the pipe may be supported by means of brackets, 
but it should be far enough out to permit covering unless the surface is 
to be used as a radiator. 

When the pipe is of large diameters and of some considerable length, 
supports may be designed to carry it the distance between their centers 
should not be over 15 feet. 

Pipe should never be hung level, but given about in 10' drop 
back to the boiler or steam supply. This allows for drainage of liquids, 
except a small amount that always collects at the recess in the fittings 
and in some cases this is carried off by means of a small cock. 

Covering Pipe* 

The radiating of heat from steam and hot water is a source of loss 
which enters greatly into the cost of operating a plant so that means 
must be employed to prevent it, and it is found that by covering the pipes 
with certain substances, a great saving is obtained. 

Some special coverings are being used which affords a saving from 
7 to 35% over bare pipe. 

“Any suitable substance which is used to prevent the escape of 
steam heat should not be less than 1 " thick and should be kept dry, for 
not only is water a good carrier of heat, but it has been found that still 
water conducts heat about eight times as rapidly as still air.,.— Kent. 


Expansion of Wrought Iron Pipe 


Temperature 
of the Air 

Length of Pipe 

Length of Pipe when heated to 

Pipe is fitted 

when fitted 

215° 

265° 

297° 

338® 

Zero 

100 fett 

Ft. In. 
100 1.72 

Ft. In. 
100 2.12 

Ft. In. 
100 2 31 

Ft. In. 
100 2.70 

32° 

100 ** 

100 1.47 

100 178 

100 2.12 

100 2.45 

64° 

100 •' 

100 1.21 

100 1.61 

100 1.87 

100 2.19 













7 


Pipe Bendbig . 

Bending of Wrought Iron Pipe. 

To facilitate the flow of liquid and gases in pipes, the change in 
direction should be made as easy as possible so that long bends are com¬ 
mendable and the bending of pipe is resorted to instead of using elbows. 

These bends save joints, save power in forcing the matter around 
the corners and are much more sightly. Standard wrought iron pipe can 
be bent readily to many shapes and withstand the effects of so doing 
without visible signs of weakening. 

To make bends in small pipe, it is usually filled with dry sand and 
both ends capped, the sand aids in keeping the pipe circular in cross sec¬ 
tion. The pipe should be heated slowly and never more than cherry red 
and the bending done in an even and carefull manner to avoid buckling. 

Bending blocks should be used if possible* having them arranged 
in holes in a large iron plate set two or three feet from the ground. 

The pipe will have to be threaded on both ends to allow capping and 
in some cases, this would have to be done before bending, even if sand 
was not to be used. 

The accompanying table will give an idea of the amount of radii 
used for various sizes of pipe. 


MEMMORANDUM. 



Wrought Iron Pipe Bends. 


8 ' * 


Wrought Iron Pipe Bends. 



STANDARD 

RADIUS. 

MINIMUM RADIUS 

STANDARD 

RADIUS’ 

1 

, MINIMUM RADIUS 

Size 

R 

H | 

U 

R 

H 

U 

Size 

R i 

H 

U 

R 

H 

V 

\ 

3’ 

sr 

6 " 

v 

If' 

' 2" 

7 

4' 0' 

4' 7” 

8 ' 0' 

2 '6' 

3'1' 

5'0 r 

\ 

3* 

4£ 

7 

1 * 

2J 

2 1 

8 

4 6 

5 2 

9 0 

3 2 

3 10 

6 4 

! 

4 

5J 

8 


2f 

3 

10 

5 6 

6 6 

11 0 

4 4 

5 4 

8 8 


5 


10 

If 

3f 

31 

12 

7 6 

| 8 8 

15 0 

6 6 

7 8 

13 0 

\ 

6 

7f 

12 

2 

3| 

4 

*- 

O. D. ! 






1 

M 

7 

9} 

14 

2J 

4£ 

4| 

14 

8 0 

9 6 

16 0 

7 6 

9 0 

15 0 

n 

8 

10 | 

16 

2| 

5} 

5^- 

16 

10 0 

11 10 

20 0 j 

8 6 

10 4 

17 0 

n 

10 

12 § 

20 

3} 

6 

6 j 

18 

12 0 

14 0 

24 0 i 

9 6 

11 6 

19 0 

2 

12 

15 

2 4 

4^ 

7j 

9 

20 

1 14 0 

16 0 

28 0 

10 6 

12 6 

21 0 

2] 

14 

17i 

2 4 

6 

n 

12 

22 

16 0 

18 0 

32 0 

11 6 

13 6 

! 23 0 

3 

1 18 

22 

3 0 

7 

ii 

14 

24 

18 0 

20 0 

36 0 

12 6 

14 6 

25 0 

3| 

20 

2 0} 

3 4 

9 

13^ 

18 

*0. D. 

14 in. and larger is for lap weld 








steel pipe whose outside diam. is of sizes 

4 

24 

2 5 

4 0 

12 

17 

24 

given. 













BENDS below heavy line made in two 

4* 

2 2 

2 7} 

4 4 

15 

20 

2 G 

pieces. Larger Radius to order, 









S—Bends and 

special radius fittings to 

5 

2 G 

3 0 

5 0 

18 

24 

3 0 

order. 






6 

3 0 

3 6} 

i 

j 6 0 

24 

2 6} 

4 0 


NOTE - From “Standard Tables,” 










Best Mfg. Co., Pittsburg, Pa. 









































































Wrought Iron Pipe Bends 


Pipe Columns. 


The formula for the safe load is as foL 
lows: 


10000 


safe load = 


H- 


X A 


-36000 2 


Columns of wrought iron pipes 
with a flange on each end are quite’ wllere 
common but the pipe shall be Ar=rarea in s q uare inches > 
screwed well into the flanges and D 2 +d- 

Should be Of good material. Of ^ sq^re of le^st radius of 

course extra strong pipe ans wers^yration. 

best as seen from the table. D^=outside 'diameter-. 


d=inside dianeter. 

L—length in diameter. 


STANDARD W. I. PIPE. 


DIAMETER 

AREA 

OF 

metae 


SAFE EOAD 

IN POUNDS 


Inside 

Outside 

6 Ft. 

3 Ft. 

lo Ft. 

j 12 Ft. 

2 

2.372 

1.07 

10 300 

9 000 

7 700 

j 6 500 

2 * 

2.875 

1.708 

13 500 

12 200 

10 800 

9 500 

3 

3.50 

2.243 

23 000 

21 300 

16 600 

7 700 

31 

4.00 

2.678 

27 300 

25 800 

24 100 

22 300 

4 

4.50 

3.174 

31 300 

29 900 

28 300 j 

26 600 

5 

5.563 

4.316 

44 700 

43 300 

41 800 

40 000 

6 

6.635 , 

5.584 ' 

59 600 

58 400 

56 800 

55 000 

7 

7.625 

6.926 

67 300 

66 200 

64 900 

63 400 

8 

8.725 

8.386 

82 400 

82 400 

81 300 1 

I 

79 700 


EXTRA HEAVY W. I. PIPE. 


2 

2.375 

1.495 

11 700 

10 100 

8 700 

7 300 

21 

2.875 

2.283 

19 200 

17 200 

15 200 

13 300 

3 

3.50 

3.052 

27 500 

25 500 

23 400 

21 200 

31 

4.00 

3.71 

34 600 

32 700 

30 400 

28 000 

4 

4.50 

4.455 

41 600 

39 700 

37 500 

35 200 

5 

5.563 

6.12 

58 600 

56 800 

54 600 

52 200 

6 | 

6.625 

8.505 

82 000 

80 200 

77 900 j 

75 400 










































IO 


Pipe Bends and Nipples. 



Bends and Goose Necks 
of Wt. Iron Pipe. 
Made of Extra Strong. 




Wrought Iron Pipe Nipples. 

Nipples are short pieces of standard pipe, threaded and kept in 
stock to facilitate matters when pipe work is to be done. 

Where fittings or valves are to be very near each other, the threads 
of the intervening nipple run together and thus create the term of ’’close 
nipple”, but if a small amount of bare surface of the pipe is exposed it is 
then called a “short nipple” and the table gives the lengths of these two 
classes with the addition of “long nipple”. 

As will be seen these very in length ana are followed by the extra 
long which include all lenghths from “long” to 12", though it will be 
found that a large per cent of pipe fitters cut their own nipples when they 
are to be over 6" long. 

Wrought iron nipples can be secured in length corresponding to 
the above table in sizes, including 4 ” pipe, with right hand threads on one 
end and left hand on the other. 

Galvanized right hand nipples can be secured in sizes and lengths 
up to and including 6", the 7 and 8" sizes in “close” and “short” only. 

“Short” nipples have the same meaning as “Should” nipples. 

Right and left hand nipples with hexagon shoulders in the center, made 
of malleable iron, may be secured in sizes from X to 2" inclusive and are 
therefore about the length of “short” nipples of various diameters. 





































Nipples and Syphons . 


11 


Nipples. 


Pipe 



LENGTH IN 

INCHES 



Size 

Close 

Short 

hong 

Extra hong 

h 


11 

2 

21 

3 

31 


\ 

1 

11 

2 

21 

3 

31 


1 

l 

11 

2 

21 

3 

31 


1 

n 

U 

2 

21 

3 

31 


t 

if 

2 

21 

3 

31 

4 


1 

ij 

2 

21 

3 

31 

4 


H 

if 

21 

3 

k 

4 

41 ' 


l$ 

u 

21 

3 

31 

4 

41 

Nipples can be 

2 

. 2 

21 

3 

31 

4 

41 

obtained in all 

21 

21 

3 

31 

4 

41 

5 

these pipe sizes 

3 

2? 

3 

31 

4 

41 

5 

in length up to 

31 

• 2| 

4 

41 

5 

51 

6 

and including 

4 

3 

4 

41 

5 

51, 

6 

12 varying by 
inches. 

41 

3 

4 

5 

51 

6 

61 


5 

31 

41 

5 

51 

6 

61 


6 

31 

41 

5 

51 

6 

61 


7 

31 

5 






8 

31 

5 






9 

4 

5 






10 

4 

5 






12 

4 

5 







SYPHONS—Made of Wrought Pipe. 

A syphon is a bent piece of %” pipe as shown in Fig. 1. 

It is placed between the boiler and the steam gage to catch some 
water and use it against the spring of the gage, instead of the steamdirect, 

No steam gage should be placed in service 
without a syphon and a valve as shown in 
chapter on Miscellaneous Articles for gages 
and water columns, 

K should be about % inch. 



















12 


Cast Iron Pipe , 


Cast Iron Bell and Spigot Pipe. 


DIA. 

FOR 

WATER. 

FOR 

GAS 

be 

'd 

3 

<v 

o o 

ai 

S rt 

O CL 

4-> 

a 

o 

■M 

a 

o 

INSIDE 

lbs. per foot 

lbs. per 
length 

lbs. per foot 

lbs. per 

length 

Length incl 

Bell. 

H o 
£ 
a 

<u o 

Q 3 
<u 
pc 

005 

.3 CJ 

O 

Ih 

(L) • 

B 

<u 

W 

V 

c3 

<U 

1 

2.8 

17 

2 8 

17 

6—4 



.08 

2.00 

n 

3.5 

21 

3 3 

21 

6—4 



.09 

2.25 

u 

4.5 

36 

4 0 

36 

8-4 



.10 

2.75 

2 

6.7 

60 

6 0 

60 

9—4 



.14 

3.25 

2 b 

8.0 

72 

8 0 

72 

9-4 



.16 

3.90 

3 

13.9 

167 

12 5 

150 

12—4 


5 

.18 

4.4 

3 \ 

16.5 

200 



12—4 

3£ 

“ 

.20 

5. 

4 

19.2 

230 

18 

216 

12—4 

4 

t ( 

.21 

5.5 

5 

24.6 

295 



12—4 

4 

11 

.27 

6.8 

6 

30.4 

364 

28 5 

342 

12—4 

4 

“ 

.31 

8.0 

7 

36.7 

440 



12—4 

4 

«< 

.37 

9.8 

8 

1 42.8 

513 

40 

480 

12—4 

4 

“ 

.44 

11.5 

9 

49.6 

595 



12—4 

4 

< « 

.48 

13.0 

10 

57.1 

685 

5 

660 

12—4 

4 

< < 

.53 

14.5 

12 

72.5 

870 

70 

< 840 

12—4 

4 

i < 

.61 

18.0 

14 

89.5 

1074 

90 

1080 

12—4 

4 

< < 

.81 

21.5 

15 

98.3 

1180 



12—4 

4 

3 

8 

.87 

23.0 

1G 

107.8 

1293 

110 

1320 

12—4 

4 

1 

.94 

24.0 

18 

127.7 

1532 

140 

1680 

12—4 

4 

8 

1.00 

27.0 

20 

149.0 

1788 

150 

1800 

12—4 

4 

3 

~8 

1.25 

31.5 

24 

200.6 

2407 

200 

2400 

12—4 

4 

I 

1.50 

37.0 

30 

290.2 

3482 

290 

3480 

12—4 

4 

.a 

8 

2.06 

51.0 

36 

391.6 

4699 

360 

4320 

12—4 

4 

t'o 

3.00 

75.0 

40 

483.4 

5807 

420 

5040 

12—4 

5 

i 

•> 

3.37 

85.0 

42 

512.3 

6147 



12—4 

5 

1 

2 

3.62 

90.0 

48 

665.2 

7982 

560 

6720 

12—4 

5 

} 

4.37 

110.0 

60 

916.7 

11000 



12—4 

5 

1 

6.25 

150.0 

72 

I 

1257.5 

15090 



12—4 

5 

1 

9. 

220.0 


NOTE:- -The pressure of water per square inch is 21.65 lbs. for every 50 ft. head. 

The weights given in the table are for pipe that carry a pres>ure of 43 lbs. or a head of 100 ft. 

































Cast h'on Pipe. 


*3 


Flanged Pipe.—Gas, and Water Weight. 


Size of 

Pipe 

Thickness 
of Pipe 

Diameter 

of 

Pipe 

Thickness 

of Flange 

Diameter 

of 

Bolt Circle 

No. and 

Size 

of Holes 

Size of 

Bolts 

0 

U) O 
G « 
<u 
►4 

Estimated 

Weight 

Per Foot 

Estimated 

Weight 

12 Ft. Length 

4 

a 

8 

9 

i tf 

7* 

4- 1 

1 

2| 

17 

204 

6 

7 ’ 

1 6 

11 

1 

9* 

8— | 

| 

3 

30 

360 

8 

7 

1 6 

13* 

n 

HI 

8- i 

a 

4 

3* 

40 

480 

10 

7 

1 6 

16 

1 h 

14* 

12—1 

I 

»f 

50 

600 

12 

* 

19 

u 

17 

12—1 

i 

3| 

70 

840 

14 

h 

21 

u 

18f 

12-1* 

1 

4* 

83 

1000 

16 

rtf 

23 * 

i/tf 

21* 

16-1* 

1 

4* 

100 

1200 

18 

11 

11 

25 

1 9 

1 16 

22f 

16—1* 

1* 

4| 

133 

1600 

20 

u 

27* 

^16 

25 

O 

1 

h-» 

1* 

5 

150 

1800 

24 

t 

32 

Itf 

29* 

20—If 

li¬ 

5* 

183 

2200 

30 

¥ 

38f 

2* 

36 

28—1* 

lt 

6* 

275 

3300 

36 

1 

45| 

2f 

421 

32—1* 

It 

6* 

392 

4708 

42 

1 

521 

2| 

49* 

36—If 

1* 

7* 

497 

5962 

48 

u 

591 

2| 

56 

44—If 

1* 

7| 

698 

8374 

Size of 

Pipe 

Thickness 
of Pipe 

Diameter 

of 

Flange 

Thickness 
of Flange 

Diameter 

of 

Bolt Circle 

No. and 

Size 

of Holes 

Size of 

Bolts 

Length of 
Bolts 

Estimated 

Weight 

Per Foot 

Estimated 

Weight 

12 Ft. Length 

4 

i 7 g 

9 

15 

16 

7* 

4- i 

1 

2f 

22 

264 

6 

* 

11 

1 

9* 

8— i 

a 

4 

3 

33 

396 

8 

i 9 e 

13* 

H 

11| 

8- I 

1 

3* 

45 

540 

10 

t 

16 

ii 3 tf 

14* 

12—1 

z 

3f 

60 

720 

12 


19 

n 

17 

12—1 

i 

3| 

80 

960 

14 

f 

21 

it 

18| 

12-1* 

1 

4* 

117 

1400 

16 

a 

4 

23 £ 

ii 7 e 

21* 

16—1* 

1 

4* 

125 

1500 

18 

i 

25 

i& 

22f 

16—1* 

1* 

4| 

167 

2000 

20 

15. 

itf 

27* 

m 

25 

20—1* 

1* 

5 

200 

2400 

24 

1 

32 

it 

29* 

20—If 

1* 

5* 

250 

3000 

30 

u 

38| 

2 * 

36 

to 

00 

1 

It 

6* 

350 

4200 

36 

If 

45f 

2f 

421 

32—1* 

It 

6* 

475 

5700 

42 

1» 

52f 

2f 

49* 

36-1 f 

1* 

7* 

600 

7200 

48 

u 

59* 

2* 

56 

44-1 f 

1* 

7| 

775 

9300 








































Cast Iron Pipe 


‘ Flanged Pipe,—Heavy Weight. 


Size of 

Pipe 

Thickness 
of Pipe 

Diameter 

of 

Flange 

Thickness 

of Flange 

Diameter 

of 

I.'olt Circle 

No. and 

Size 

of Holes 

Size of 

Bolts 

Length of 

Bolts 

Estimated 

Weight 

Per Foot 

Estimated 

Weight 

12 Ft. Length 

4 

1 

2 

9 

1 5 

1 (» 

7} 

4- i 

a 

4 

2f 

24 

285 

6 

9 

1 6 

11 

1 

9} 

8- i 

a 

4 

3 

39 

465 

8 

a 

8 

13} 

n 

Hf 

8 - i 

a 

4 

3} 

57 

680 

10 

3 

4 

16 

l. 3 o 

14} 

12- 

-1 

7 

8 

3f 

81 

1010 

12 

1 S 

1 G 

19 

n 

17 

12—1 

i 

3f 

109 

1304 

14 

8 

21 

it 

18f • 

12-H 

1 

4} 

137 

1642 

16 

1 

23] 

i 7 - 
J 1 6 

21} . 

16- 

-n 

1 

4} 

178 

2137 

18 

1 1« 

25 

1 9 

1 1 6 

22 3 

16—1] 

u 

4f 

209 

2503 

20 

n 

27] 

1U 

25 

20—1} 

U 

5 

250 

2980 

24 

n 

32 

n 

29} 

20—If 

1} 

5} 

330 

3965 

30 

n 

rsf 

2} 

36 

28—1} 

if 

0} 

495 

5937 

36 

n 

4 5 !j 

93 

-8 

42 i} 

32—1} 

if 

6} 

693 

S316 

42 

2 

521 

9 5 

8 

49} 

36-1 f 

1} 

7} 

924 

11081 

48 

«)i 

^4 

59} 

93. 

z 4 

56 

44-1} 

1} 

7f 

1182 

14179 


FOR. YOVJR. NOTE 


























!5 


Spiral Riveted Pipe. 

Mr. John B. Root, who some 25 vears ago, invented what is known 
as - ‘spiral riveted pipe”, either did not know or did not care that he mis¬ 
named his invention. 

Probably, in common with many other mechanical men, he cared 
more for the thing than the .name, or he would not have baptized his 
“spiral”,, when it is “helical” riveted, nor would he have been willing to 
stand sponsor for a spiral riveted pipe in the proper meaning of the term 
that would have meant a cone-shaped pipe with a spiral seam winding 
around it, and it would have puzzled even the most cheereful inventor to 
have invented a useful purpose for such a pipe. What he did invent was 
the pipe shown in Fig. 1, an article which has demonstrated its usefulness 
through the past 25 years, and for which new fields of usefulness are con¬ 
stantly being formed. 

The strength of such a helical seam is even greater than would be 
supposed at first sight, if we look into it analyticaly. For example, take 
a pipe with an angle of the helix of 75° (the angle changes somewhat for 
the different diameters), we find the ratio of strenght, R. of such a seam 
to that of a straight seam similarly riveted by this rule. 


I [(qonsine of angle of inclination seam) I 2 X5+l] 

Then, the consine of angle 75° =.25882 and 
.25882 X .25882 X 3+1=1.2009633. 

And 

y 1.2009655 = 1.96 
Then 2~j-1.096=1.82 
Showing that the-helical seam of this angle is 82 per cent stronger 
than a similar seam placed longitudinally. Without stopping to figure out 
the “efficiency” of joint is possible with a single riveted longitudinal lap 
seam, we'know that nothing better than 60 per cent, to 65 per cent 
can be expected, at the very best. We have, therefore, proved that with 

this style of seam the full strenght 
of the plate and even more is de¬ 
veloped. This deduction is also 
borne out by tests made on the 
pipe, which tests when carried to 
the bursting point, have shown the 
point of fracture to be always in 
the center of the strip of metal of which the pipe is formed : 

The pipe is made in lengths up to. 25 ', and is furnished plain black’ 
asphalted, single galvanized or double galvanized (which means the pipe 
is made of galvanized iron and regalvanized after the formation), all in ac¬ 
cordance with the use for which it is intend, and is provided with riveted 
flange, bolted joints, sleeves or crimped ends, as required. 







16 


Spiral Riveted Pipe. 


MATERIAL—This has to be selected especially with a view to its 
welding and punching qualities, and for this the highest grade of wrought 
iron—rolled especially for this purpose, or cold rolled steel in long strips 
or coils is now used almost exclusively. While the cheaper grades of 
steel can be used, they cannot be made to weld as readily as the better 
grades, and for this reason should not be used. 

WELDING—This consists of joining together, on gas welding machines 
of special construction, strips from 8" to 18 ,; wide, slittedfrom commer¬ 
cial sizes of plates. Two such strips are placed end to end in the weld- 
machine, with a lap of about % n , and a pair of traveling top and bottom 
fire boxes, through which a powerful “blow-pipe” gas flame is made to 

impinge directly on the lap, are start- 
moving forth and back over the lap, 
untill a welding heat is reached; a pair 
of hammers, following immediately 
after the fireboxes, make the weld 
with a succession of rapid blows. The 


‘SPIRAL,” P'.PE DATA. 


Diameter 

of 

Pipe. 

Inches. 

Thickness 

of 

Material 

B. W. G. 

Weight, 
including 
Flanges, 
per foot, 
lbs. 

Bursting 
Pressure 
per square 
inch, lbs. 

3. 

No. 20 

2X 

900 

4. 

“ 20 

3 

700 

5. 

“ 20 

4 

550 

6. 

“ 18 

5 

700 

7. 

“ 18 

6 

600 

8. 

“ 18 

7 

500 

9. 

“ 18 

8 

450 

10. 

“ 16 

11 

500 

11. 

“ 16 

12 

450 

12. 

“ 16 

14 

400 

13. 

“ 16 

15 

380 

14. 

“ 14 

20 

470 

15. 

“ 14 

22 

450 

16. 

“ 14 

24 

400 

18. 

“ 14 

29 

370 

20. 

“ 14 

34 

325 

22. 

“ 12 

40 

365 

24. 

“ 12 

50 

335 



Fig. 2. Flange Joints. 


machine acts very rapidly, a weld 12* long being made on an average in 
three minuets. 

Reels of upward of 1,000 feet in length are welded together in 
this fashion, and are then ready for the pipe-making machines. 

Where double galvanized pipe is called for, these coils or reels are 
first “pickled” in a sulphuric acid bath and run through a galvanizing 
tank before being used in the pipe machines. 

PIPS MAKING MACHINES.—These are semi-automatic in their ac¬ 
tion, the feeding, rolling, punching and riveting being all done automatic¬ 
ally by the machine, the feeding of the rivets alone being left to the oper¬ 
ator. An experienced operator on one of these machines can easily feed 
45 to 50 rivets per minute and can make from 200 to 500 feet of pipe 
per day, depending upon the diameters. The machines are either made 
for one size only or are adjustable for several sizes of pipe. They are 
provided with means for varying the angle of the helix, as well as the 








































Riveted Pipe . Couplings. 


17 


pitch of the rivets and the amount of lap, and are provided with a cutting 
off saw for cutting pipes to proper lenghts. 


Flanging, Coating and Testing. 


After being cut to sizes, the pipe is ready fcr the inspector’s hands 
from where it is passed on to the flanging department, where flanges, if 
such are called for are attached to the ends of the pipe and the joint be¬ 
tween pipe and flange made tight by peening. 

From the flanging department the now practically finished pipe is 
passed into the galvanizing or asphalting department, where it receives 



STANDARD DIMENSIONS OF COUPLINGS 

FOR 

STEAM, GAS AND WATER PIPE, 

BLACK AND GALVANIZED. 


Size of 

Pipe. 

Nominal 

Inside 

Diameter 

Inside 

Diameter 

of 

Coupling 

Outside 

Diameter 

of 

Coupling 

Length 

Coupling 

Thread 
per Inch of 
Screw. 

Average 
Weight of 
Coupling 
in Pounds. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 



X 


H 

H 

27 

.031 

X 

H 

H 

H 

18 

.046 

X 

H 

n 

1 * 

18 

.078 

X 

ft 

1 

1* 

14 

.124 

X 

It 

in 

1 * 

14 

.250 

1 

1 H 

1* 

itf 

UX 

.455 

IX 

IX 

in 

2 X 

11X 

.562 

ix 

IX 

2* 

2X 

lix 

800 

2 

2* 

2X 

2X 

nx 

1 250 

2X 

m 

3* 

2% 

8 

1.757 

3 

3X 

3*1 

2% 

8 

2.625 

3X 

3tt 

4* 

3X 

8 

4.000 

4 

m 

5 

»X 

8 

4.125 

4X 

4X 

5 X 

3X 

8 

4.875 

5 

5 * 

6* 

4X 

8 

8.437 

6 

6H 

7* 

4X 

8 

10.025 

7 

7X 

8* 

4X 

8 

11.270 

8 

8X 

9 * 

4X 

8 

15.150 

9 

9* 

10 H 

5X 

8 - 

17.820 

10 

10* 

HH 

6X 

8 

27.700 

11 


12ft 

6X 

8 

33.250 

12 

12* 

18# 

ox 

8 

43.187 

13 

13H 

15* 

ox 

8 

49.280 

14 

14K 

16 X 

OX 

8 

63.270 

15 

15H 

17 X 

OX 

8 

66 000 


its coating and is thereupon tested 
under hydrostatic pressure to 150 
lbs. per square inch. Almost with¬ 
out an exception it is found to be 
“drop tight" at this pressure, or. 
if not absolutely tight, is made so 
before shipping, 


Couplings. 



Made of wrought iron, and 
usually sent with pipe when 
purchased in regular lengths. 
They are threaded right hand 
but can be obtained right and 
left if desired. 






















Lead Pipe, 


iS 


Lead Pipe, 

LARGE SIZE OF LEAD PIPE. 

SCAEE OF WEIGHT 


Caliber 

and Mark 

Wt. 

per ft. 

Cailber Bnd M ark. 

Wt. per'ft. 

2£ inch, | thick 

lbs. 

16 

oz. 

11 

31 inch, | think 

lbs. 

22 

OZ. 

8 

2} “ 

A “ 

13 

10 

3jr “ 

A “ 

18 

7 

2} “ 

\ “ 

10 

10 

31 “ 

. \ “ 

14 

8 

2} “ 

A 

7 

13 

31 “ 

A “ 

10 

12 

2-1 " 

Waste 

6 

0 

4 “ 

1 “ 

25 

6 

2£ “ 

< 4 

.4 

0 

4 “ 

A '* 

20 

14 

3 ““ 

§ thick 

19 

9 

4 “ 

i “ 

16 

7 

3 “ 

A 

16 

0 

4 “ 

A >> 

12 

2 

3 “ 

k “ 

12 

9 

4 “ 

Waste 

8 

0 

3 “ 

A 4< 

9 

4 

4 “ 

“ 

6 

0 

3 " 

Waste 

5 

0 

4 “ 

“ 

5 

0 

3 “ 

“ 

3 

8 






PURE BLOCK TIN PIPE. 

SCAEE OF WEIGHTS. 


Caliber 


$ inch. 
\ 


Weight per foot. 



. 3 oz . 



.5 



.61 “ . 


o 

N 

.5 “ . 

. 61 “ .. 

... 10 “ ... 

... 14 “ ... 

...1 lbs. ... 

...1 “ 4 “ ... 

1 8 “ 


.9 . 


.11 “ . 


.14 “ 







TIN-LINED LEAD PIPE. 
Weight and Sizes same as Lead Pipe. 


Lead, as a material for 
making pipe has been 
•known for thousands of 
years. TheRomansmade 
lead pipe in short lengths 
from sheet lead with sol¬ 
dered seams before the 
Christian era, and used 
it for conducting water 
in places where their 
earthen pipes would not 
stand but it is only in re¬ 
cent years that the hy¬ 
draulic press has been 
used by means of which 
the pipe is made in a very 
condensed state in a con- 
tinious piece of almost 
any length, the only re¬ 
striction being to coil and 
handle it. 

Pipe made from pure 
lead is considered quite 
.healthful and mixtures 
of other metals, such as 
zinc, antimony, tin, etc. 
are dangerous and objec¬ 
tionable. 

It would probably be 
different to give the cor¬ 
rect table of bursting 
pressures for the reason 
that it will vary with the 
quality of the lead. Lead 
produced in Missouri is 
"very much harder and 
stronger thenDesilviezed 
lead; and of course pipe 


made from it will stand a greater pressure. 



















































Lead Pipe . 


19 


Size 

Letter 

Thick¬ 

ness 

Weight 
Per Foot 


Size 

Letter 

Thick 

Weight 
Per Foot 

\ 


¥2 

3 oz. 


1" 

E 

Tt 

1| lbs. 

\ 

E 

Vi 

5 oz. 


1 

D 

i 

2 " 

f 

D 

3 

3 2 

7 oz. 


1 

D 

64 

2£ 0 

1 

. . . 

84 

10 oz. 


1 

C 

55 

2J “ 

s 

¥ 

C 

h 

14 oz. 


1 

B 

u 

3J " 

\ 

D 

9 

32 

1 lb. 


1 

A 


4 “ 

I 

A 

5 

¥2 

1 lb. 2 oz. 


1 

A A 

hi 

4^ “ 

f 

A A 

u 

1 lb. 5oz. 


1 

AAA 

T B 6 

6 " 

I 

AAA 

5 7 2 

llb.l2oz. 


n 

E 

3 3 5 

2 “ 

L 

... 

5 

6 4 

9£ oz. 


n 

D 

h 

2£ “ 

h 

D 

li 

9 oz, 


n 

C 

' 9 

64 

3 “ 

* 

D 

32 

10 oz, 


n 

B 

6 

51 

3 ih “ 


D 

3 S 2 

12 oz. 


U 

A 

1 S 

64 

4H " 

i 

C 

i 

1 lb. 


n 

A A 

h 

5f 44 

* 

B 

h 

1 lb. 3 oz. 


1} 

AAA 

If 

6| “ 

* 

A 

3 5 2 

1 lb.10 oz. 


ii 

E 

3*2 

2 “ 

* 

A A 

A 

2 lbs. 


i* 

D 

Vi 

3 “ 

* 

... 

j 

32 

2 lbs. 8 oz. 


i* 

D 

i 

3£ “ 

i 

AAA 

H 

3 lbs. 


U 

C 

52 

4} 44 

I 

E 

3 3 2 

12 oz. 


li 

B 

52 

5 “ 

1 

D 

54 

1 lb. 


U 

A 

hi 

6J “ 

1 

D 


1 lb. 4 oz, 


1* 

A A 

hi 

7 “ 

1 

C 

i 

1 lb. 7 oz. 


1} 

AAA 

15 

8 “ 

I 

B 

1 1 
e¥ 

2 lbs. 


1-5 

D 

1 

H “ 

* 

• A 

ia 

64 

2 lbs. 8 oz. 


13 

C 

* 

4 “ 

1 

A A 

7 

52 

2 lbs.12 oz 


15 

B 


5 “ 

1 

AAA 

11 

6 4 

3 lbs.8 oz, 


13 

A 


6 -T_ “ 

u 16 

f 

E 

5 

6 4 

1 lb. 


lf 

A A 


8£ “ 

3 

4 

D 

3 

32 

1 lb. 3 oz. 


2 

Waste 

64 

3 “ 

a 

4 

C 

» 

64 

1 lb.12 oz. 


2 

D 

1 

4 44 

t 

B 

32 

21bs.3oz. 


2 

C 

* 

5 “ 

f 

' A 

■ 11 

64 

3 lbs. 


2 

B 

52 

6 “ 

f 

A A 

1 5 

64 

31bs.8oz. 


2 

A 

13 

64 

7 “ 

t 

. . . 

‘ * 

4 lbs. 


2 • 

A A 

\ 

85 “ 

I 

AAA 

32 

4 lbs.14 oz 


2 

AAA 

5 

16 

ioii f< 

























20 


Sewer Pipe and Drain Tile. 


SEWER PIPE AND FITTINGS. 






1-Foot Slant. 



V Branch. 

1 in. to 6 m* inclusive. 




Sewer Pipe. 


The ordinary vitrified salt glazed 
sewer pipe is made in "Standard" 
and "Double" strength as shown in 
the following table. 

Straight pipe is made in 2 lengths 
from 3 to 8 inches and in 2 ^ and 
3 foot length for sizes of 8 to 36 " 
inclusive. 

Increasers reducers, junctions and 
branches are made in 2 " lengths. 


TABLE 1 .—Discharge of Tile from 4 inches to 20 inches in 
diameter on a grade of 1 foot per 100 teet. 


Diameter 
of Tile, 
in inches. 

Discharge, 
in cubic 
feet. 

per second. 

Diameter 
of Tile, 
in inches. 

Discharge, 
in cubic 
feet. 

per second. 

Diameter 
of Tile, 
in inches. 

Discharge, 
in cubic 
feet, 

per second. 

4 

0 . T 6 

9 

1.53 

15 

6.29 

6 

.49 

10 

2.05 

18 

10.37 

8 

1.11 

12 

3.40 

20 

13.85 


TABLE 2.—Grades per 100 feet, and their square roots. 


Grade, 
per 100 
feet, 
in feet. 

Grade, in 
inches, - 
approxi¬ 
mated 

Square 

root 

of Grade 

Grade 
per 100 
feet,, 
in feet 

Grade, in 
inches, 
approxi¬ 
mated. 

Square 

root 

of Grade 

0.04 

Vz 

0.200 

0.40 


0.632 

.05 

H 

.224 

.45 

5H 

.671 

.06 

# 

.245 

.50 

6 

.707 

.08 

A 

.283 

.55 

m 

.742 

.09 

l 

.300 

.60 

7 H 

.775 

.10 

W% 

.316 

i .65 

7 K 

.806 

.12 

1 Vz 

.346 

.70 

8 >i 

.837 

.14 

l# 

.374 

.75 

9 

.866 

.16 

2 

.400 

.80 

9 K 

.894 

.18 

2 # 

.424 

.85 

10 # 

.922 

.20 

2/a 

.447 

.90 

10 # 

.949 

.25 

3 

.500 

.95 

H# 

.975 

.30 

3 H 

.548 

1.00 

12 

l.ooa* 

.35 

4X 

.592 

























































Sewer Pipe and Drain Tile . 


2 [ 


Standard pipe. 


Size 

of 

Pipe. 

Depth 

of 

Sockets. 

Thick- 

iiess. 

Annular 

Space 

Weight, 
per foot. 

Feet. , 
per j 
cai load. 

Carrying Capacity of 








w ci I 11 JC. 


3 in. 

1 X in. 

H in. 

X in. 

8-lbs. 

3,500 





4 “ 

1/ “ 

H “ 

X “ 

9 “ 

2,500 





5 “ 

IX “ 

X “ 

X “ 

13 “ 

2,000 

D0U3LE 

STRENGTH PIPE 


o 

9 11 

X “ 

/s “ 

16 “ 

1,600 





7 “ 

2 “ 

X “ 

X “ 

20 “ 

1,300 





8 

2/ “ 

13 “ 

1 r. 

X “ 

23 “ 

1,000 

Thick- 

Annular 

Weight. 

Feet, 

».i •• 

2/ “ 

% “ 

X “ 

28 “ 

800 

ness.' 

Space 

per foot. 

per 

carload 

10 “ 

2/2 “ 

15 •« 

X “ 

34 “ 

700 





12 “ 

3 “ 

15 < i 

I 6 

X “ 

38 “ 

550 

1 in. 

X in. 

46 lbs. 

540 

14 “ 

O * < 

O 

Ww “ 

X “ 

53 “ 

480 

1/8 “ 

K “ 

60 “ 

420 

In “ 

•"» 

“ 

X “ 

60 “ 

420 

IX “ 

K “ 

65 “ 

385 

in “ 

3 “ 

13 < ‘ 

1 1 6 

X “ 

66 “ 

380 

1/8 “ 

K “ 

75 “ 

330 

18 “ 

3 “ 

Vi “ 

X “ 

82 “ 

300 

IK “ 

K “ 

95 “ 

260 

20 “ 

3 “ 

l 3 /6 " 

X “ 

105 “ 

250 

in “ 

* 1 1 6 

X " 

123 “ 

200 

21 “ 

3 “ 

1 t 7 6 “ 

X “ 


220 

'lX “ 

y 2 “ 

. 135 “ 

185 

2‘> • * 

O til 

° 1 

l r 7 s “ 

X “ 


200 

IK “ 

K “ 

140 “ 

180 

24 “ 

3 

Wz “ 

X “ 

129 lbs. 

160 

O ‘« 

X “ 

175 “ 

140 

27 “ 

4 


54 “ 


110 

^'A “ 

“ 

230 “ 

110 

30 “ 

5 “ 

. 

/o 

c/ < < 

/8 


1Q0 

“ / 8 

2X “ 

/o 

% “ 

250 “ 

100 


HARD-BURNED FARM DRAIN TILE. 




<D 

Area in 
luches 

Weight 

per foot 

3 

7 07 

5 

4 

12.57 

7 

5 

19.63 

9 

6 

28.27 

11 

7 

38.48 

34 

8 

50.27 

18 

9 

63.72 

25 

30 

78.54 

29 

12 

113.09 

34 

14 

153 93 

48 

15 

176.71 

50 

16 

201.06 

60 

18 

254.46 

67 

20 

314.16 

94 

21 

346.36 

100 

22 

380.13 

110 

24 

452.39 

112 

27 

572.55 

185 

30 

706.85 

218 


CARRYING CAPACITY OF SEWER PIPE. 
Gallons per Minute. 


Sizes. 

i" Fall 
in 

ioo Feet. 

2 " Fall 
in 

ioo Feet. 

3 " Fall 
in 

ioo Feet. 

6" Fall 
in 

ioo Feet 

9 " Fall 
in 

ioo Feet. 

12 " Fall 
in 

ioo Feet. 

24 " Fall 
in 

100 Feet. 

36 " Fa.l 
in 

100 Feet. 

3. 

13 

19 

23 

32 

40 

46 

64 

79 

4. 

27 

38 

47 

66 

81 

93 

131 

163 

6 . 

75 

105 

129 

183 

224 

258 

364 

450 

8 . 

153 

216 

265 

375 

460 

527 

750 

923 


205 

290 

355 

503 

617 

712 

1006 

1240 

10 . 

267 

378 

463 

755 

803 

926 

1310 

1613 

12 . 

422 

596 

730 

1033 

1273 

1468 

2076 

2554 

15.... 

740 

1021 

1282 

1818 

2224 

2464 

3617 

4467 

18. 

1168 

1651 

2022 

2860 

3508 

4045 

5704 

7047 

24. 

2396 

3387 

4155 

5874 

7202 

8303 

11744 

14466 

27. 

4407 

6211 

7674 

10883 

13257 

15344 

21771 

26622 

30. 

5906 

8352 

10223 

14298 

17714 

20204 

28129 

35513 

36. 

9707 

13769 

16816 

23763 

29284 

3372^ 

47523 

58406 





















































































































































CHAPTER II. 

FITTINGS. 


By “Fittings’’ is meant such things as elbows, tees, crosses, 
branches, flanges, unions, reducers, bushings, caps, plugs, etc. ect., in 
fact everything except pipe and valves. 

Fittings are made of wrought, malleable or cast iron and brass 
but dimensions for the latter will not be given here, although mention 
will be made of which ones may be obtained. 

Gouplings and flanges are the only ones made of wrought iron, 
malleable iron being used for fittings for gas, water and steam for medium 
pressures and cast iron being used for both screwed and flanged fittings 
for medium and heavy pressures. 

Malleable fittings are made plain or beaded, the former for gas 
and low stream and water pressures, 

The sizes of fittings refer to the pipe onto which they will screw 
or whose internal diameter corresponds closest to that of the fitting. 

Straight fittings are those having all openings for the same size 
pipe. Reducing fittings may be obtained for many sizes made in both 
malleable and cast iron. 

In describing tees, the run is named first, then the outlet and it would 
be written thus: 

2 " x i y 2 " x i " and read a two by one 
and one-half by one inch tee. 

l" 

The outlets of a cross are always the same size, are both denoted 
by the last figure. Thus lX x 1 x 1 would indicate that one end was 
tapped for the other end for 1 " and the sides for 1 ”. 

The dimensions of the cross can be taken from the table for mal¬ 
leable tees and in the case of reducing on the side, take size necessary. 

The same may be said of cast iron crosses whether screwed or 
flanged. 

A “female” fitting is one with the threads inside, a “male”, one 
with the threads on the outside. 



MALLEABLE FITTINGS. 

The malleable steam fittings are suitable to stand a working pres¬ 
sure of 150 pounds. 

At various times and places, they have been tested to a hydraulic 
pressure of 2000 to 4000 pounds, without breakage. 

It would seem that fittings which stand this test would be perfect¬ 
ly safe to stand 250 pounds working pressure. If proper care is exer¬ 
cised in using them, they will undoubtly answer every purpose for pres¬ 
sures up to 500 pounds, but as these as well as other fittings are subject 
to some risk of straining due to expansion, contraction or the making up 
of joints, manufacturers do not deem it proper to recommend them for 
the working pressure. 

As goods made especially for extra heavy pressure are so very 
cheap, it does not seem to be a good business policy to use common fit¬ 
tings for the work. 

To avoid making fittings to order, the use of bushings are recom¬ 
mended. 

Where it is absolutely necessary tc have special fittings made, 
without the use of bushings, they can be had by sending specifications to 
the manufacturers. The price of same, in any event will be very high. 

In ordering, always state whether fittings are to be used for steam, 
water, gas, or air. 

The lists of malleable iron fittings shown in this book are manufac¬ 
tured and supplied to the trade. 

There is such large variety of malleable elbows and tees reducing 
in the bore that dimensions cannot be given for all and perhaps it will be 
well to say that in case an end or side is to be reduced draw the fitting 
by the dimensions as given and build on the outlet to those for that size 
and make the pipes to size desired. 

A few sizes are here given to show the manner in which dimen¬ 
sions change. 

Elbows and tees with side outlets are made in the plain style only 
and are used almost exclusively for gas. Gas fittings are made with ears 
for screws also. 

The illustrations here give a idea of some union tees and elbows 
which may be very convenient sometime. 


24 


Malleable Elbows and Tees. 


Malleable Union Elbows. 




Malleable 
Elbows and Tees. 



The dimensions 
for D and H are 
measured for the 
depth of thread but 
the pipe might not 
screw up to these 
figures. 


Size 

A 

B 

C 

D 

B 

F 

G 

H 

t 

1 

1 

f 

f 

A 

t 

11 

f 

1 

1 

f 

a 

4 

A 

A 

A 

1A . 

f 

3 

1 rs 

U 

1 

t 

t 

1 

2 

1 

1 

i! 

H 


f 

A 

1 

2 

If 

f 

if 

if 

u 

f 

1 

1 

21 


1 

2* 

if 

if 

f 

A 

1 

3 

If 

u 

21 

2f 

if 

If 

A 

f 

31 

21 


2* 

2t 

2 

11 

f 

f 

4 

21 

2 

st 

2f 

21 

If 

1 

a 

8 

41 

3 

2f 

4 

31 

2f 

If 

A 

A 

5 

31 

3 

5 

41 

3 

2 

t 

1 

6 

4 

31 

5f 

4f 

31 

2f 

f 

f 

7 

51 

4 

61 

st 

4 

3 

f 

f 

7f 

51 

4 2 

61 

6 

41 

31 

f 

f 

9 

7 

5 

n 

61 

5 

3f 

U 

t 

10 

8 

6 

Si 

71 

6 

41 

11 

I 

12 

91 


“Service Tees” are made of malleable iron with one end threaded on the 
outside, like the street elbows, in sizes to 2X” inclusive. 

































Malleable Sr eel Elbows. 


25 


Malleable Street Elbows, 

Elbows of 45° and 60° either plain or beaded and of 11%° and 22^ 
beaded may be obtained in malleable iron in a few sizes, the latter two in 
2^ only. The 45° style in sizes as the above table and the 60 in 1 
1/^.2 and 2 " x 1 V? " only. 

Galvanized maleable iron elbows may be obtained up to and includ¬ 
ing 4" and street elbows 2", 45° elbows 


Street Elbows. 



Street elbows are made only in the beaded type, 
Malleable, in following sizes only a few being dimension¬ 
ed here. Other dimensions the same as for beaded el¬ 
bows. 

Sizes b I, b f X l 1 X f, 1, 1} X 1, 1| X f, 1], 1.] x 1, 

H x lb 1,], 2 x 1, 2xl|, 2 x 1], 2, 2.], 2] x2, 2h x 1], 
and 3. 


The smaller size is on the Male end. Street elbows 
are made in sizes V 2 to 2” inclusive. Street elbows are made in brass 
in several sizes. 


Size 

1 

i 

1 


a 

4 

1 

u 


2 

A 



lr 7 e 

n 

2 ] 

2 | 

2 * 

2 * 


B 


1 

1 

liv 


n 

1 ; 

2 

2 } 


Malleable Reducing Couplings. 

Y==Branches. 

These are similar to a tee with outlet set at an angle of 45 ° and 6 o° as desired. 
The former in sizes b f> b lb Is* 1? x IT 2, 2x 1] x 1], 2 x 1 ], 2 x 1], 2b 2]x2, 3 
3 x 2b either plain or beaded. The 60° style is made in 1], 2, 2 x T] sizes 

plain only. Double Y branches 45° and made beaded 1 h" and plain and beaded 2". 















26 


Malleable Reducing Couplings 


Reducing Couplings. 


Table of size made. 


Made in Malleable Iron 


Size. 

Plain. i x 

Plain...| x 

Beaded and Plain... g x 
Plain.I x 


Beaded and 

Plain. 

Plain. 

Beaded and 

Plain. 

Plain. 

Plain . 

Beaded and 
Beaded and 
Beaded and 
Beaded and 
Beaded and 
Beaded and 
Beaded and 
Beaded and 
Beaded and 
Beaded and 


Plain.. 


Plain... 1 

3 

4 

3 

4 

3 

4 

l 
l 
l 

I 

U 

u 

H 
U 

II 
U 
11 
11 
11 


Plain.. 
Plain.. 
Plain.. 
Plain.. 
Plain.. 
Plain.. 
Plain.. 
Plain.. 
Plain.. 
Plain.. 


3 

8 

I 

5 

3 

4 

1 

U 


Beaded and 

Size. 

Plain. 2 x 1 

Beaded and 

Plain. 2 

x i 

Beaded and 

Plain. 2 

X 1 

Beaded and 

Plain. 2 

X u 

Beaded and 

Plain. 2 

xll 

Beaded_ 

..2| 

X 1 

Beaded_ 

. -.21 

X u 

Beaded and 

Plain. 2| 

X 11 

Beaded and Plain. 21 

x 2 

Beaded_ 

_3 

x 1 

Beaded. 

_3 

x U 

Beaded_ 

..3 

x 11 

Beaded and 

Plain. 3 

x 2 

Beaded and 

Plain. 3 

x 21 

Beaded_ 

.3| 

x 21 

Beaded. 

.31 

x 3 

Beaded. 

..4 

x 2 

Beaded_ 

.4 

x 21 

Beaded. 

.4 

x 3 

Beaded. 

.4 

x 31 


and threaded right hand, 
either plain or beaded. 




A FEW SIZES SHOWING MANNER OF REDUCTION. 


Size 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

* X i 

1 X i 

1 X i 

5 X t 

i X i 

i X i 









1 X i 


n 



If 

H 



f X 1 

lf 9 S 

n 



i! 




1 X 1 

n 

H 

n 

H 

m 

1ft 

ft 

i 

1 X i 

H X l 

n x f 

i* x n 

1* X l 

2 X 1* 

2 x n 

2 X 1 

21X2 

2§ 

2 


24 

2| 

2J 

i 

i 

2* X 1* 


2i 

3i 

2^ 

34 

25 

ft 

5- 

3 X 2J 

3^ 

2J 


3| 

4J 

3ft 


ft 

no* 

<M CO 

X X 

CO Tf 


• 











































































Malleable Return Bends. 




Return Bends—Malleable Iron. 



Close Medium Open 


Size 



CENTER .TO CENTER OF PIPES. 


Pipe 

Close 

Med. 

< )pen 

Wide 




Patt. 

Patt 

Patt. 

Patt. 


Kxtra 

Heavy 


3 




n 




8 









1 

11 

li 





I 

a 

4 

1\ 

n 

2 

4 





a 

4 




6 





1 

H 

If 

2\ 

6 

If 




1 





! 2\ 




1 * 

If 

2\ 

3 

6 





H 

2 * 

21 

3? 

6 

5 




2 

2 | 

3 

4 

5 

3 

3f 


3f 

2} 



4^ 






3 



5 

n 





3 




8 





4 




6 





6 




12 






The close, medium and open are threaded either right, left or right and 
left hand and the wide pattern is threaded right hand only in its branches. 

All sizes are made galvanized except extra heavy. Dimensions are 
about the same as for beaded malleable elbows. 



























28 


Caps. 


CAPS,-PLUGS=BUSHINGS & NUTS. 


Size inside of caps and 
nut and outside plugs 
and bushings. 

CAP. 

PLUG. 

BUSHING 

G 

NUT 

Length 

Dia. Body 

“ Beab 

Bead 

Length 

Thread 

Length 

Nut 

Side of 

Nut 

Length 

Thread 

Thick 

Nut 

Across 

Flats of 

Nut. 

Thick¬ 
ness Nut 

1 

Across 

Flats 

1 




none 

I 

1 

1 






\ 




" 

A 

2 

f 




1 

7 

8 

f 




“ 

1 

iff 

f 

f 

1 

f 

15 

1 

1 

i 



“ 

Iff 

A 

f 

2 

1 

IS 

f 

11 

\ 

7 

n 

If 

2 

f 

f 

A 

1 

1 

If 

f 

1} 

1 




1 

a 

4 

IS 

IS 

2 

f 

1 ti 

i 7 s 

1} 

u 

if 

2 

21 

T* 

1 

1 

f 

f 

f 

If 

2 

22 

11 

if 

2 

2f 

1 

2 

1 

If 

ii 

f 

if 

1 

2f 

2 

if 

2f 

3 

\ 

1 

1*5 

If 1 * 

t 

f 

2! 

1 

3 

2 1 

if 

3f 

31 

1 

1 

f 

ll S S 

« 

i 7 s 

3 

f 

41 

3 

if 

4 

41 

1 

if 

f 

lA 

l 

1 

32 

f 

42 

3* 

2 

41 

5 

1 

if 

I 

if 

11 

1 

42 

l 

5 

4 

2 

5f 

6f 

1 

if 

i 

U 

11 

1 

51 

l 

6f 

41 

2} 

6 

61 

1 

if 

If 

2 

11 

A 

51 

l 

7 

5 

2f 

61 

71 

1 

n 

H 

21 

11 

A 

61 

l 

72 

6 

21 

7* 

81 

1 

ii 

l 

21 

n 

f 

72 

l 

81 

7 

3 

9f 

10f 

1 

if 

l 

3 

ii 

l 

81 

l 

10 

8 

3 

Of 

lOf 

1 

ii 


31 

if 

11 

92 

l 

HI 

10 





if 

if 

4f 

ii 

il 

11 



12 





2 

if 

51 



























Railing Fittings. 


29 


Railing Fittings. 


For fences around engines, machinery, exhibition spaces, etc., 
pipe and special shaped fittings are often used but ordinary plain or bead¬ 
ed fittings will answer as well. 

These Special Railing Fittings are threaded right and left for con¬ 
venience and hence the pipe will have threaded to suit. In most cases 
pipe is used and sometines 1%” but the former will as a general 
thing be sufficient. 


The gate may be arranged 
to swing or a single sliding bar as 
shown in Figure used, this made 
of a smaller size of pipe with a 
nut screwed back from the end 
to stop the bar in either end of 
its travel. 

To construct a railing two 
pipes high, the upper outlet of all 
fitings used in lower pipes, should 
be tapped with left hand thread. 



It is a general rule for supply stores to send right hand fittings un¬ 
less specified. Since the fittings do not need to be steam or water tight 
a sufficiently clean thread to screw up well and make a good job may be 
made by running a left hand tap into any outlet tapped right hand. 

A railing around a grass plot is generally 2' 0" above the walk 
and has only one pipe. For a two pipe railing, make A 20 to 21" and B 
betv/een 24 and 30". 

If three rails are desired the top one should be about 3' 0" from 
L he floor and the other two spaced equally, if four rails, the top one 3'6" 
r rom the floo r . Railing fittings made of brass may be secured also. 

No. 1 may be secured 
with outlet pointing either up or 
down at an angle of 45°, also No. 3 
with side up at the same angle. The 
®ross No. 5 is made with center 
line at 45° and all are practically 
theshape of the fittings here shown. 

In fact all can be secured with sides or runs at an angle of 45° but 
a sketch should accompany the order unless a catalog is secured. 

The straight fiittngs are furnished by several firms but the 45° style only 
by the Western Tube Go., Kewanee, Ill. as far as investigation shows. 


NO. 1 NO. t 




NO. 6 NO. 6 


$.f 







































30 


Dimensions of Railing Fittings . 


Dimensions of Railing Fittings. 




The dimension L is the distance 
center to center of holes in base D. 

From holes, in a base for wood 
screws. 


Pipe 

Size 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E- 

F 

G 

H 

J 

L 

3 

4 

U 

H 

1 

2f 

\ 

If 

¥ 

1 5 
x 16 

1 h 

2 

1 

If 

if 

If 

3 

f 

1 

g 

2 

If 

2i 

u 

m 

2 

ift 

3f 

f 

n 

1 

If 

n 

2f 


in 

21 

1 1 9 6 

4 

s 

8 

ii 

1, 3 0 

2 tV 

iff 

3f 

2 

; 2i 

2g 

2 

5 

3 

8 

if 

If 

1 

21 

4 


Railing Bases. 














































































Malleable Iron Unions, 



Size Pipe 
inches 

1 Diameter 
inches 

Thick¬ 
ness inch 

| Equivalent 
(To Cast Iron 
Inches. 

3 

4 

0 

5 

i« 

I] 

1 

6 

5 

1 6 

11 

n 

61 

r> 

i « 

11 

4 

7 

1 

11 

2 

8 

1 

2 

2 1 

81 

1 

2 

3 

9 


2 

3.] 

91 

.7. 

1 fi 

2 

4 

10 

7 

le 

2 

4 1 

101 

1 

2 

2 

5 

111 

1 

2 

6 

121 

1 

2 

7 

14 

A 

B 

2 

8 

15 

1 

21 

9 

16 

i 

21 

10 

17J 

3 

4 

21 

12 

20 

H 

21 


Wrought Iron Flanges 



co|sn 










































































32 


Cast Iron Fittings. 


Cast Iron Fittings. 

The standard cast iron fittings are well proportioned, of good 
weight and suitable to stand a working pressure of 150 pounds, although 
at various times and places, these fittings have been taken from stock 
and subjected to a hydraulic pressure of 1600 to 2500 pounds in order 
to break them. 

It is evident from these tests that these fittings have a very large 
factor of safety, but as stated above, these fittings are not recommended 
for more than i50 pounds, working steam pressure. 

It is not only a question of the fittings standing a higher pressure 
but also standing the strain of expansion, contraction, weightt of piping 
settling and water hammer; there is also a liability of their not running 
uniformly. 

When fittings are wanted for a greater working preassure than 
150 pounds, extra heavy fittings should be used which are suitable for 
250 pounds working steam pressure. 

As stated in another paragraph on these pages, to avoid the mak¬ 
ing of Special Fittings, the use of “bushings’, are recommended. 

Cast iron fiittings to stand 200 pounds air preasure or 250 pounds 
water pressure are made to order, prices according to quantity order. 

Always state whether fittings are to be used for steam, water g?„s 

or air. 

Cast iron 45° Elbows are made in the style shown beaded in 
sizes ranging from H up to and including 12" but not reducing. 

Right and left elbows from X to 3" inclusive. As in the case of 
malleable fittings the cast iron tees and elbows may be secured in sizes 
reducing in almost as great a variety. Y—branches in cast iron are made 
in sizes V?, to 8" inclusive in 45°styles only. 

Elbows slightly more than 90° known as “pitched” maybe secured 
in styles % to 40 inclusive. These are made to permit drainage. 

Special eccentric reducers, bushings and tees may be secured in 
sizes 2 to 12" inclusive, and tees on application. 


Elbows and Tees. 


33 


Cast Iron Elbows and Tees, Beaded, 








































































34 


Cast Iron Elbows and Tees. 


Cast Iron Elbows and Tees, Square Bead. 



Size 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

A 

B 

C 

D 

f 

1 

1 

1 

f 


f 

1 

I 

I 

1 

ff 

n 

1 

f 


ff 

If 

1 

f 

f 

If 

\ 1 T V 

If 

i 


n 

1 A 

U 

f 

1 

1 A 

1 If 

ii 

! 2 


1 A 

if 

If 

f 

1 

1 A 

2 f 

IIS 

! i 


if 

2 

If 

f 

If 

if 

2 f 

2 rV 

i 


if 

2A 

2A 

I 

n 

m 

2 H 

2 A 

i 


2 

2 f 

2 f 

f 

2 

2 | 

3| 

m 

i 


2A 

3f 

3 

f 

n 

: 2* 

j 4 

3? 

i 


2 f 

4f 

3f 

if 

$ 

3 

4# 

4$ 

1 


3 

4f 

4A 

f 


3} 

5f 

; 4| 

1 * 


3f 

5f 

4f 

lyV 

4 

3f 

6 

j 5f 

If 


3f 

6 

5f 

If 

4f 

4} 

«f 

5f 

1 A 


4f 

6 f 

5f 

If 

5 

4f 

7 

6 | 

n 


4H 

7 

«* 

If 

6 

4f 

8 * 

7f 

u 


5f 

8 f 

7f 

iA 

7 

H 

9f 

9 

if 


6 

91 

9f 

if 

8 

«* 

11 

9f 

if 


«! 

11 

9f 

if 

10 


13f 

nil 

if 

1 

8f 

13$ 

Hf 

if 

12 

li 

15$ 

14 

if 

2 f 

11 

16 

14f 

if 












































































Reducing Tees — Cast Iron 


35 


Size 

E 

F 

G 

H 

I 

3x3x4 

3} 

i 

n 

3} 

6 

3 x 3 x 2- 

If 

\ 

4} 

2 

21- 

3x3x2 

2 5 

$ 

4] 

3 

3£ 

3 x 3 x 1| 

2^ 

i 

4| 

3 

3 

3x3x2 

2f 

l 

44 

2 

3} 

3} x 3| x 4 

3| 

iiV 

5| 


6 

3J x 3| x 2J 

2s 

*1* 

5| 

31 

4 

4 x 4 x | 

2 

n 


3i 

1! 



show the maner in which re¬ 
ductions are made. 


MEMORANDUM 
























Branch Tees on Manifolds , 


6 


Branch Tees, Cast Iron. 


All openings in Branch tees for 
Circulation are tapped right hand. 

Branch tees for Box Coils are 
always tapped left hand in branch¬ 
es and right hand in back inlet. 

The run and back opening of 
Branch Tees are tapped the same 
sizes as branch, unless otherwise 
ordered. 




OUTLET OPEN 

NO. 2. FOR CIRCULATION 



INLET OPEN 


NO. 3. FOR BOX COILS 




1 "Branch*, s 

1^ "Branches 

1$" Branches 

2 "Branches 

l"orl£"Run 

lJor2" Run 

l],H,2"or2^ 

Run 

1^,2,2^or3" Run 

2,2£,3 or3^"Run 

A 

2 } 


3J 

3 b 

4b 

B 

21 


3 

3f 

4 

C 

2b 

2$ 

3 

3| 

4b 

D 

1 * 


2 

2 f 

2 f 

E 

If 


If 

2 

2 f 

F 

12 

a 4 

If 

2 ] 

2 f 

m 

G 

3 

ie 

A 

3 

1 6 

A 

f 

H 

1 

4 

f 

f 

f 

* 

I 

1 2 
a 4 

2 f 

2\ 

03 

-4 

3i 

No. 

2 to 9 

2 to 16 

3 to 17 

3 to 12 

3 to 10 

Branches 

Inclusive 

Inclusive 

Inclusive 

Inclusive 

Inclusive 


Illustrations and note from Crane Co. 
















































Cast Iron Return Bends. 


37 


Cast Iron Return Bends. 


Size 

CENTER TO CENTER OF PIPES. 

Close 

Patt. 

Open 

Patt. 

Flat 

Back 

Back 

Outlet 

Extra Wide Pattern. 

\ 

H 








1 

u 



H 





1 

If 

2f 

3 

21 

3 

4 



1 



4 


5 

6 



1 


A 

6 


8 




U 

2} 

3 

4 

21 

4 




H 



6 


6 




U 



8 






1 2 

2J 

3? 


2? 

41 

6 

8 


2 

3} 

4J 


31 

4i 

6 

7 

8 

2.} 

3f 

51 


5^ 





3 

4} 

6J 


6 i 





4 





7 1 ; 

11 




Return bends may be secured with openings slightly pitched for coils 
ranging from 5 to 8 feet in 1 inch and lX" sizes only, thus permitting 
drainage in heater coils. 

The back outlet of right and left return bends are always tapped 
right hand. 

Dimensions should be taken for sizes as shown for beaded cast iron 
elbows. 


1 

















38 


Cast Iron Flanges. 


Flanges, 

There are two recognized standards for cast iron flanges at present 
in use. It has taken sometime to bring about uniformity, but all the large 
manufacturers have now agreed to adopt the tables. This table is for 
steam pressure up the 125 pounds. This table was adopted by a joint 
committee of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Master 
Steam Fitters, Association and the manufacturers. The other table for 
pressure up to 250 pounds was adopted at a meeting of manufacturers 
held in New York on June 28, 1901. It is generally referred to as the 
’‘Manufacturer’s Standard”. It would be a great convenience to all man¬ 
ufacturers of piping material and their customers if the Association of 
Steam Engine Builders would adopt these standards for all piping con¬ 
nections. The diversity in diameters and drilling of flanges on engines, 
pumps, condensers, is the cause of much trouble and delay. 


Pipe Size X 
Diam. 
Flange. 

Diameter 
of Bolt 
Circle. 

Number 

of 

Bolts. 

Size of Bolts, 
Pressure 
under 80 lbs. 

Size of Bolts, 
Pressure 

8 o lbs. and 
over. 

Flange 
Thickness 
at Hub for 
Iron Pipe. 

Flange 
Thickness 
at Edge. 

Width of 
Flange 
Face. 

2x6 

4# 

4 

# x 2 

X x 2 

1 

X 

2 

2# x 7 

5# 

4 

# x 2# 

X X 2# 

1 X 

H 

2# 

3 x 7# 

6 

4 

# x 2# 

X X 2# 

1# 

# 

2# 

3# x 8# 

7 

4 

# * 2# 

X x 2# 

1# 

H 

2# 

4x9 

7# 

4 

X x 2# 

# x 2# 

in 

ft 

2# 

4# x 9# 

7# 

8 

X X 3 

# x 3 

ix 

fl 

2# 

5 x 10 

8# 

8 

# x 3 

#• x 3 

1# 

H 

2# 

6 x 11 

9# 

8 

X X 3 

# x 3 

1# 

l 

2# 

7 x 12# 

10# 

8 

X x 3# 

# x 3# 

1# 

i* 

2# 

S x 13# 

11# 

8 

# x 3# 

# x 3# 

1# 

i# 

2# 

9 x 15 

13# 

12 

X X 3# 

# x 3# 

1# 

i# 

3 

10 x 16 

14# 

12 

# x 3# 

X x 3# 

2 

i* 

3 

12 x 19 

17 

12 

# x 3# 

X x 3# 

2 

i# 

3# 

14 x 21 

18# 

12 

X X 4# 

1 x 4# 

2 

l X 

3# 

15 x 22# 

20 

16 

X x 4# 

1 x 4# 

2 

IX 

3# 

16 x 23# 

21# 

16 

X x 4# 

1 x 4# 

2# 

1R 

3# 

18 x 25 

22# 

16 

1 x 4# 

1# x 4# 


Its 

3# 

20 x 27# 

25 

20 

1 x 4# 

1# x 4# 


irf 

3# 


Do not drill bolt holes on centre line but symmetrically each side. 












Cast Iron Flange Unions 


39 




A 

B 

c 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

No. and 
Size Bolts 

4 

3 

2 

14 

1 

A 

tit 

1 


3-4 

1 

^tV 

21 

if 

1 

tV 

5 

1 6 

t 


3—| 

1 

3| 

2f 


1 

4 

7 

1 6 

i 


3-4 

11 

41 

31 

21 

] i 

k 

7 

1 6 

S 


4—Tc 

H 

4U 

3f 

24 

14 

k 

T6 

1 3 
T6- 


4 —rt 

2 

5 i 

34 


14 

4 


4 


4-A 

21 

6A 

4f 

34 


9 

1 6 

9 

T6 

4 


4-4 _ 

3 

6J 

5| 

41 

11 

1 1 

TG 

tV 

i 


4-1 

CO 

74 

5| 

4f 

ii 

1 1 
nr 

4 

1 


4-i 

4 

84 

6| 

5i 

14 

11 

nr 

• s 

14 


5-| 

~4| _ 

811 

7 

6 

14 . 

11 

T6 

R 

4 

11 


5—| 

_ 5 

94 

8 

<i| 

14 

11 

T6 

S 

11 


5-4 

6 

io| 

91 

7f 

14 

11 

T6 

1 3 , 

TB" 

1 * 


t 

7 


10 

9 

14 

1 3 

T¥ 

1 3 

T6 

14 


r 

— 8~ 

131 

114 

94 

14 

1 3 

T6 

1 

if 


7 _ 1 

‘ 4 

10 

16 

134 

114 

if 

1 3 

TIT 

14 

2 


10-1 

ITT 

181 

17 

14 

is 

1 3 

nr 

11 

2 


12—1 





























































4 o 


Cast Iron Hanged Httings 



Size 

A 

B 

c 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

Piam. cf 
Bolt Circle 

Size and No. 
Bolts 

2 

4 } 

1 

6 

2J 

9 7 

0 

2 

5 

1? 

4* 

4 

& 

u 

2* 

5 

H 

7 

3| 

2| 

2* 

5* 

21 

5* 

4 

- 1 

3 

5* 

■ 3 

4 

7* 

3* 

2 « 

3 

5f 

3* 

6 

4 

-1 

3* 

6 

13 

Tt> 

8.} 

4^ 

2H 

3* 

61 

4A 

6| 

4 


4 

6* 

1 5 
Iff 

9 

5 

3A 

4 

6* 

4* 

n 

8 

- 1 

4* 

7 

n 

9} 

5* 

»A 

4 

6| 

4* 

7f 

8 


5 

7* 

15 

Tff 

10 

6 

»A 

4* 

7 

5| 

8* 

8 

- 1 

6 

8 

1 

11 

7* 

8A 

5 

7* 

«A 

91 

8 

- 1 

7 

82 

It 1 * 

12* 

8} 

3 A 

5* 

8* 

«A 

11 

12 


8 

9 

1* 

13* 

9) 

31 

5* 

8* 


12 

12 

-1 

9 

10 

1* 

15 

10| 

3H 

6 

9* 

®A 

13 

12 

- f 

10 

11 

1A 

16 

11* 

4A 

6* 

10 

7A 

14* 

12 

- 1 

12 

12 

n 

19 

18| 

3 ft 

7* 

10* 

84 

17 

16 

- * 

14 

14 

11 

21 

15| 

4| 

7* 

13* 

7A 

18* 

16 

- i 

15 

14* 

i§ 

22 * 

16* 

3H 

8 

14 

7A 




16 

15 

1A 

23 2 

18 

4A 

8 

14f 

7 

21* 

20 

- s 







































































Cast Iron Fittings . 


4 1 


extra heavy cast iron flange fittings. 


Size 

A 

B 

C 

X) 

E , 

F 

G 

H 

Bolt Circle 

Size and No. 

2 

5 

1 

6! 

3 

2f 

3 

5} 

3} 

5 

4 _ s 

2* 

5} 

1 

7} 

3} 

21 

3} 

6 

4} 


4 - f 

3 

6 

n 

8} 

4 

2} 

3} 

6} 


«l 

8 — f 

3} 

6} 

h\ 

9 

4} 

3-A 

4 

6f 


7} 

8 - $ 

A 

7 

u 

10 

5} 

3} 

4} 

7 


7f 

8 - $ 

4} 

7} 

i* 

10} 

5} 

3} 

4! 

7} 


8} 

8 - ! 

5 

8 

if 

11 

6f 

31 7 ? 

5 

7} 


9} 

8 - | 

6 

8 } 

ll5 

12} 

7} 

»A 

5! 

8 


10} 

8 - * 

7 

9 

1} 

14 

8* 

3i 3 § 

6 

8f 


HI 

12 - i 

8 

10 

If 

15 

9§ 

3i 9 * 

6 

9} 


13 

12 - | 

9 

10| 

If 

16 

10| 

3f 

6! 

10 


14 

12 - | 

10 

11! 

11 

17! 

11} 

4xV 

7 

10} 


15} 

12 — 1 

12 

13 

2 

20 

14 

4 

8 

11 


17 4 

16 — 1 

14 

14} 1 

2} 

22} 

16} 

4} 

8 

14 


20} 

16 — 1 

15 

15 

21* 

23} 

17} 

4* 

8} 

14} 


21 

20 — 1 

16 

16 

2* 

25 

18| 

4 9 

9 

15} 


22 ! 

20 — 1 



Cast Iron Saddles 

Dimensions A & B can be taken 
from the table of Standard Gast 
Iron Flanged Fittings’ and R for the 
radius of boiler or tank. H should 
be between 8" and 9" on larger 
sizes, 









































4 * 


Standard Flanged Laterals . 



Standard Flanged 
Laterals. 

For 125 lb. Pressure. 



A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

Size and No, 

2 

8 

21 

6 

2f 

1 

4f 

4- f 

2* 

9 h 

2* 

7 

3f 

tt 

54 

4 — f 

3 

10 

3 

74 

31 

1 

6 

4 T f 

3* 

m 

3 

84 

44 

13 

«* 

4-f 

4 

12 

3 

9 

5 

11 

74 

8 - f 

4* 

m 

3 

94 

54 

41 

7* 

8 — f 

5 

131 

34 

10 

6 

IS 

84 

8-1 

6 

144 

34 * 

11 

n 

1 

94 

8-f 

7 

I65 

4 

124 

84 

1A 

11 

12-f 

8 

17* 

44 

134 

94 

H 

12 

12 - | 

9 

19 £ 

44 

15 

10f 

U 

13 

12 — f 

10 

20 £ 

5 

16 

114 

lr 3 s 

144 

12 — f 

12 

24 £ 

5| 

19 

13f 

14 

17 

16 — f 

11 

27 

6 

21 

15| 

If 

184 

16 — f 

15 

28 £ 

6 

224 

164 

If 

20 

16 — f 

16 

30 

64 

234 

18 

1* 

214 

20 — 1 



























Bell and Spigot Pipe Fittings. 

Bell and Spigot Pipe Fittings. 


43 






OC 


O O O O O O vo <0 «0 vo vO va 

ioxom«oiotoio»o«o»oxoi>> 

» « O 00 O 00 VO Tf- n o 

M M I* M M N M l-c « M 


CO 00 N H H 

ro ro Tf- Tl- -«r 

00 vO N O 00 


O O <<t- ■<*• Tf <if . 4 - 

vO^«000 vOTf N 0 


N M tJ- Tj- 


« t « 10 ♦ 


VO vo 'O vo CO 00 00 00 

S' « N N^>tO»o00 

**} vO u-> rf* «*> 00 vo tn O 


rj- to • vo VO VO vo 0O 


00 00 O O O 



































Bell and Spigot Pipe Fitting. 



Radius. 

2' o' 
10' o' 


2' 6' 
4' o' 
10' o' 
12' o' 
2 o' o' 
6' o' 
12' o' 
2o' o' 
24' o' 

5' o' 

20' o' 
30 o 
50 o 
*' 3" 
5' o' 
6' o' 
I o' o' 

15' o' 

25 o 
30 o 
50 ' o' 
2 ' 4 " 
5' o' 


Diam. 


Dimensions of Bends. g* 



90° 


45 

0 

22^‘ 


8' 

Diam 

. A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

8' 

10' 

3* 

17' 

7" 

IO' 

4 ' 

8' 

3' 

10' 

4" 

18' 

8" 

II' 

4 ' 

9' 

3" 

10' 

5' 

19' 

9" 

12' 

5' 

10' 

3' 

10' 

6" 

20' 

10" 

13' 

5 ' 

11' 

4 " 

10 

12" 

8' 

22' 

12' 

I 4 ' 

6' 

12' 

4 ” 

12" 

10" 

24" 

H' 

15' 

7' 

13' 

5' 

12' 

12 " 

26' 

16' 

16" 

8' 

14 ' 

5" 

12' 

14" 

28" 

18' 

17' 

9' 

15' 

6' 

12' 

_ 

16" 

30" 

20' 

18' 

10' 

16' 

6" 

12 

T** 

18' 

32" 

22' 

19' 

u' 

17' 

7' 

1 2 

12' 

20" 

34' 

24' 

20' 

12' 

18' 

7' 

14' 

24" 

38' 

28" 

2 2* 

.4' 

20' 

8' 

14' 


Diam. 

Radius. 

14' 

_/ _/i 

10 0 

14' 

15' 0' 

14' 

20' 0' 

16" 

4' 0' 

16' 

7' 0' 

16' 

8' 0' 

16' 

16' 0' 

16' 

20 O 

18' 

3 ' 6' 

18' 

1 o' 0' 

18' 

12' 0' 

18' 

20' 0" 

20' 

5' 0' 

20' 

15' 0' 

-20' 

20' 0" 

20' 

50' 0" 

24' 

_ .a 

5: * 

O ( 

1 


24' 50' o' 


24' 

roo' 

0' 

30 ' 

3 ' 

o' 

3 °I 

4 ' 

0' 

30 ' 

20' 

0' 

36 ' 

20' 

0" 

36 ' 

5 o' 

0' 

42' 

5 °' 

0' 

48 * 

5 o' 

0" 


MEMORANDUM 



















CHAPTER III. 

VALVES. 

In valves the call is now for straight Way type, A number of an¬ 
gle valves are still used on boiler or engines leads, but a globe valve on a 
plant of any magnitude is very exceptional. They are still used freely on 
small lines.and whenever it is necessary to throttle the stream. Beyond 
this the gate valve has so many advantages that it has practically secur¬ 
ed the market. To cover the range of power plant work, we have had to 
build four lines: 

(1) Low pressure for exhaust and condensing lines. 

(2) Standard for pressure not exceeding 125 pounds. 

(3) Medium for pressure aot exceeding 150 pounds. 

(4) Extra heavy for pressure not exceeding 250 pounds. 

Upon the low peressure line we have not made very exhaustive 
tests, further than to ascertain that the valves are tight at 50 pounds 
per square inch. The other lines have been thoroughly exploited on all 
except the very largest sizes. Boiling down the results and striking 
general averages we arrive at the following: 

Standard valves 4" to 8 " will burst at about 700 lbs. 

Standard valves 10" to 16' wil burst at about 600 lbs. 

The largest size we have not burst, but have tested the 18" to 
450 pounds and 20 to 30" to 300 pounds pressure without injury. 

The medium valves will withstand a pressure of about 500 pounds 
in excess of the standard. 

Extra heavy valves 4 to 8" burst at 1,600 to 1,900 pounds. 

Extra heavy valves 10 to 16 " burst at 1,200 to 1,550 pounds. 

The large sizes have not been destroyed but the 18" has been 
subjected to 350 pounds and 20 and 24" to 600 pounds without injury. 
The same thickness of body metal is used in the valves as given for 
flanged fittings, except that all gate valves have the metal increased at 
the top of the body to carry any settling strains. 

The next point to ascertain was the maximum load which could 
be applied to the discs without causing a leak. This load was found to 
be in nearly all cases 80% of the ultimate strength of the body. It must 
be borne in mind that all pressure valves mentioned were of the solid 
wedge type. It is not possible to obtain equivalent results from paral¬ 
lel seated double disc valves, for the reason that the latter have two 
comparatively light faces set out by an internal wedging mechanism and 
the face exposed to pressure will spring under a load very much lesss 
than can be sustained by a solid wedge. 


46 


V alves . 


It has been the custom for many years to rib the bodies of high 
pressure valves. The ribs give a massive appearance and are desirable 
on that account from a standpoint of the selling department, but they 
serve no good purpose mechanically and are a detriment instead of an 
advantage. The distribution of metal is so uneven that shrinkage strains 
are set up all along the corners where the ribs join the body, making the 
metal porous. A ribbed valve will not stand any more pressure than one 
with a plain body, and the only point which might be argued in favor of 
the ribs would be that they stiffen the valve against strains due to settl¬ 
ing in the line. It is not, however, very logical to guard against a possi¬ 
bility by setting up a number of internal strains, especially where a plain 
bodied valve can be designed which will take care of all strains reasona¬ 
bly to be anticipatd. We have concluded to abandon the ribs altogether 
and shall hereafter only make valves of that style on special orders. 

For high pressure work, we always recommend valves having out¬ 
side screw and yoke, stationary wheel and rising spindle. In fact, for any 
service this type is preferable, except on the very large sizes where the 
great height from top of spindle when open, to the bottom of the valve, is 
a serious objection. The advantages over the internal screw valves are: 

(1) The stem in indicator showing at all times the position of the disc. 

(2) The thread on the stem is never in contact with the steam and 
can be properly lubricated. 

(3) There is no thread on the wedge. 

By-passes should be used on valves 8" and larger when high steam 
pressure is used. The load on the wedge of an 8" valve at 180 pounds 
pressure is 9.047 pounds and on a 16" valve 36,190 pounds. It is obvi¬ 
ous that under such loading the pressure must be partially equalized on 
each side of the wedge before the valve can opened with facillity. 


Globe Angle• 


47 



Globe, Angle 
and 

Cross Valves 
Brass 


Size 

i 

i 

a . 

8 

i 

f 

1 

11 

J5 

2 

2] 

3 

A 

v» 

1 1 
a tb 

i* 

Hb 

If 

HI 

2?b 

2 t 5 b 

4 

4f 

B 

2} 

3 

3| 

3| 

4f 

5f 

5f 

5f 

7f 

8f 

C 

A 

1 

7 

8 

1 

If 

H 

H 

2 

3 

31 

D 

1 

7 

8 

Its 

li 

If 

if 

11 

2f 

31 

4 

E 

1 1 

TB 

a 

4 

h 

If 

If 

2 

21 

2| 

31 

41 

E 

5 

TB 

TB 

a 

8 

3 

8 

A 

i 7 b 

§ 

8 

f 

i 

1 

G 

t 

f 

1 

If 

H% 

H . 

If 

H 

21 

3 

H 

1 1 

1 B 

7 

8 

1 

If 

If 

If 

If 

21 

2f 

3f 

I 

] 

2 

i 

1 

if 

a 

4 

il 

1 5 

TB 

n 

If 

ii 

J 

1 1 

TB 

a 

4 

I 

1 

If 

Hb 

Its 

if 

If 

If 

K 

1 

4 

IB 

1 

f 

A 

1 

f 

f 

a 

4 

f 

L 

1 

2 

T 9 6 

il 

1 

1 

1 

1 

if 

If 

H 

M 

8 

8 

1 

TB 

I 

3 

4 

7 

8" 

7 

8 

1 

11 

H 

N 

1 

1 8 

1 

TB 

1 

f 

3 

TB 

3 

IB 

i 

1 

4 

a 

8 

f 

0 

1 o 

2 

2 

2f 

3 

4 

4f 

4f 

6 

6f 

P 

1 

4 

TB 

2 

I 

7 

T6 

1 

TB 

!» 

T6 

f 

8 

Q 

8 

1A 

U 

I 4 1 

2 

2f 

2f 

3| 

4f 

51 







































































4 * 


Globe Angles. 


Globe, Angle and 
Cross Valves. 
Iron Body, 
Screwed. 




























































Globe Angles. 


49 



















































































Check Valves 


50 


Check Valves. 

Gheck valves are are placed in a pipe system to stop the flow in 
one direction and are made in several styles, the ordinary type in sizes 
from % to 4" inclusive, with screwed end and from % to 4" inclusive, 
flanged. 

The dimensions may be taken as for globe valves as far as the 
body is concerned. 

Vertical and angle check valves may be secured in sizes from % 
to 2" inclusive, 

The seats of check valves are arranged for either a conical, a ball 
a flat or a swing valve to rest upon them, the latter made ^4 to 3" inclu¬ 
sive. 

The illustrations show a horizontal, a vertical and an angle check 
valve made by Crane Go, Chicago. 

The above applies to brass valves and bodies. 

Cast iron check valves, horizontal, with screwed ends are made in 
sizes 2 to 12" and flanged 2 to 15 inclusive, but 14 to 15" sizes are made 
to order only. 

Vertical check valves screwed and flanged, 2 }4 to 10" inclusive 
and angle checks screwed and flanged in sizes 2 to 8" inclusive, 

Swing checks are made 2)4 to 14" inclusive, either screwed or 
flanged and the dimensions may be taken as for iron body globe valves 
and this will also apply where a swing check is wanted for heavy pressure. 

Brass extra heavy check valves are made % to 2" inclusive. 


Angle vertical horizontal 




Stop Cocks , 


5 * 



DIMENSIONS OF STEAM COCKS. 



SIZE 

A 

B 

c 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

1 

J 

K 

L 

M 

N 

O 

P 

Q 

1 

4 

1 3 

16 

3 

] 6 

5 

8 

3 

4 

3 

4 

f 

7 

¥ 

f 

1 3 

1 ¥ 

T6 

5 

T¥ 

11 

T¥ 

3 

8 

f 

l 

T¥ 

3 

T6 

f 

3 

¥ 

1 5 
T6' 

i 

1 1 

1 6 

1 3 
T6 

7 

8 

3 

4 

1 

If 

if 

f 

7_ 

1 6 

3 

4 

3 

8 

f 

tV 

3 

1 6 

f 

* 

ItV 

i 

7 

¥ 

1 

1 5 
T¥ 

1 3 

1 6 

1 t 5 6 

7 

8 

1 

7 

8 

1 

2 

1 3 
Tt> 

f 

11 

1 6 

f 

5 

1 6 

T¥ 

3 

4 

If 

1 

if 

if 

If 

1 5 

1 T¥ 

If 

If 

If 

If 

9 

T¥ 

lyV 

f 

¥ 

f 

3 

¥ 

l 

1 

l/e 

1 

1* 

if 

If 

H 

If 

if 

HI 

If 

1 1 

1 6 

If 

A 

8 

7 

¥ 

f 

T6 

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H 

If 

3 

8 

If 

if 

If 

ItV 

2i 

if 

If 

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3. 

4 

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1 3 

1 6 

ItV 

T6 

1 

2 

f 

if 

iff 

5 

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2f 

2f 

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2f 

if 

21- 

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7 

8 

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T¥ 

H 

T.T 

r b 

3 

8 

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¥ 

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2f 

2ff 

2f 

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2 

O 1 5 
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2 t V 

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f 

2£ 

24-4 

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1 


3 f 

8f 

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3 f 

3 f 

1 4 

3 f 

If 

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f 

3 

4 

f 

3 

Q1 1 

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1 

3 

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4 } 

3 V 

4 f 

33 

4} 

3 f 

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If 

2f 

1 

4 

¥ 

f 


M-GIDE OF SQUARE HEAD. 


MEMORANDUM 















































































































































































































































52 


Safety Valves. 




k- t> -A 


Pipe 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

i 

8 

n 

1 

2 

3 

8 

1 3 

32 

* 

f 

l 

4 

n 

a 

8 

7 

1 6 

H 

f\ 

T¥ 

3 

8 

n 

3 

4 

1 

2 

4 3 

6 4 

i 

T 

* 

1 

2 

2 

£ 

9 

T6 

27 

3¥ 

5 

T6 

1 

4 

3 

4 

2} 

1 

! 

1 JL 

1 64 

3 

8 

5 

TS 

1 

2.] 

u 

11 

TO 

1 - 5 

A 1 6 

To 

3 

8 


Radiator Valves. 



f 

3 

4 

1 

if 

If 

2 

A 

n 

1-1 

1 8 

If 

if 

2 

2f 

B 

4} 

4f 

5 

5f 

6 

7 

C 

n 

If 

If 

If 

If 

2f 

I) 

3 

4 

3 

13 

1 6 

7 

8 

f 

1 

E 

n 

1 

1 


If 

If 

F 

3 

¥ 

1 

2 

1 

2 

f 

1 


G 

If 

if 

2 

2» 

2f 

3f 

H 

H 

H 

If 

If 

2f 

2f 

I 

I 

3 

8 

f 

2 

f 

f 

J 

l 

If 

If 

If 

If 

2f 

K 

n 

If 

u 

If 

2f 

3 

E 

if 

1 5 - 

1 8 

2 

2f 

21 

3f 

M 

7 

8 

¥ 

i r> 

1 6 

If 

1 5 
1 18 

2 t ft 

N 

1 3 

1 0 

1 

JA 

Iff 

If 

2| 

0 

a 

4 

3 

4 

f 

7 

8 

¥ 

1 

P 

n 

If 

if 

If 

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If 

Q 

3 

4 

f 

13 

1 0 

¥ 

7 

¥ 

1 

R 

1 

1 

1 

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S 

3 

8 

3 

8 

3 

8 

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i 9 ¥ 

T 

2* 

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1 

f 

i i 

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f 

1 5 

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V 

i'\ 

T6 

1 3 6 

f 

f 

iff 

w 

3 

8 

2 

f 

f 

f 

I 


fa 






























































































Radiator 1 ’ alves. 


53 


Iron Body, 
Brass Mounted. 



Size. 

U ! 

u 

2 


3 

31 

4 

41 

5 

6 

7 

O 

SJ 

A 

H 

2| 

2* 

3§ 

3| 

41 

41 

5 

51 

61- 

7 

8 

B 

11 

2 

21 

2| 

31 

4 

41 

4i 

41 

5 

6 

7 

C 

3 

8 

1 

1 

3 

4 

3 

4 

3 

‘4 

¥ 

1 

1 

11 

n 


D 

1 

z 

1 

1 

4 

¥ 

1 

U 

H 

11 

11 

ii 

H 

E 

2 

21 

31 

51 

7 

71 

71 

8 

9 

91 

10 

101 

F 

If 

2 

21 

2 

21 

21 

2| 

2f 

2f 

3 t 

31 

4 

G 

1 

1 

11 

If 

21 

21 

21 

21 

3 

31 

31 

31 

H 

22 

24 

24 

30 

36 

36 

38 

38 

40 

40. 

42 

42 

1 

i 

4 

7 

8 

7 

8 

11 

11 

11 

1 a 

If 

2 

2 

2 

2 

J 

£ 

1 

T¥ 

1 

3 

8 

3 

8 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

‘2 

1 

K 

4 

41 

5| 

6 

7 

8 

8 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

W 

10 

15 

25 

40 

611 

70 

70 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

L 


21 

31 

4 

41 

51 

6 

ry 

i 

71 

81 

91 

101 















































































































54 


Gate Valves 


Gate Valves 


P=Short dimension of 
Gland N. 

M=Long dimension of 
Flange L. 


Size 

2 

21 

3 

31 

4 

41 

5 

6 

A 




6| 

71 


81 

»1 

B 

m 



14 

151 


17 

201 

C 









D 

H 






41 


E 

4 



51 

5| 


6 

6f 

F 

i| 



4 

5 


51 

6 

G 

* 



f 

1 


t 

i 

H 




t 

1 


i 


I 









J 









K 

n 



• 11 

2 


21 

21 

L 

5} 



64 

71 


8 

81 

M 









N 




31 

4 


41 

5 

0 

i 



ft 

1 


H 

n 

P 









Q 

i 



1 

i 


il 

n 

R 

51 



71 

8f 


HI 

12 



















































CHAPTER IV. 

MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES 



Steam Gages. 

All gages should be connect¬ 
ed with the boiler by means 
of a Syhon. (See Ghapter on 
Pipe) 


Nominal 

Size 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

1 

J 

K 

31 

21 

31 

4f 

41 

2fi 

a. 

4 

Ilf 

5 

8' 

3 3 2 

1 

3f 

41 

31 

41 

51 

5f 

31 

I 

21 

-H 

1 

1 

4f 

5 

31 

41 

5f 

6 

3f 

f 

21 

I 

1 

1 

51 

51 

4 

5 

61 

6f 

31 

If 

21 

If 

1 

1 

5f 

6 

41 

5f 

71 

7f 

4 

1 

If 

If 

1 

1 

6f 

6f 

H 

61 

81 

8 

45 

1 

2f 

1 

82 

1 

71 

81 

6 

71 

101 

91 

5 

1 

21 

1 

A 

1 

9f 

10 

71 

91 

13 

Ilf 

7 

11 

21 

il 

"IS 

1 

10f 


Brass Cock for Steam Gage. 



Dimension of stock cocks, 
length over all 1 5-16" 
center to out edge of handle 1%" 
length of handle 1 5-16" 
diameter bead % 

“ next to bead 9-16" 










































56 


Water Columns. 


Water Columns. 


DIMENSIONS OF COLUMNS 


NO. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

A 

13 

16} 

' 18]- 

20 

r-kM 

<?* | 

l 

B 

10 

12 

13] 

14 

22 

C 

2} 

3 

31 

3 

5 

D 

2} 

3 

3} 

4 

5 

E 

n 

If 

2 

2} 

3b 

F 

8} 

10 

12 

12} 

20 

G 

2 

* 

1 

f 

f 

H 

1} 

1} 

2 

2} 

3 

1 

3 

3| 

4b 

4f 

5 1 

J 

u 

1} 

2 

2 

2 

K 

1} 

1} 

2 

2 

2 

L 

f 

* 

1 

r 

f 

M 

i 

i 

A 

T6 

b 

a 

4 

* 

N 

3 

8 


1 

f 

O 

1 

* 

i 

1 

P 

2? 

3b 

4 

4} 

5b 

Q 

2f 

2f 

3f 

3f 

3f 

R 

a 

8 

t 

2 

2 

2 

S 

2 

i 

* 

} 

* 

T 

3 , 
8 

t 

* 

} 


U 


* 


f 

i 

V 

\ 

b 

1 

1 

1 

w 

f 

f 

1 

1 

l 

X 

n 

2} 

2} 

2} 

2} 

Y 

f\ 

A 

1 

I 

f 

z 

T 1 

lb 

If 

If 

If 

Tapped for 
Gage Cock 

2 

} 

f 

a 

4 

f 

Water 

Gages. 

i 

* 

f 

i 

a 

4 

Tap in Top 
& Bottom. 

f 

a 

4 

1 

lb 

lb 


The tapping in the boiler for wa¬ 
ter column connections should be 
the same as shown in the table for 
the tap and bottom openings. 

The columns should be connect¬ 
ed so that the bottom gage cock(not 
the cock of the glass) would be 3" 
above the top row of tubes or at a 
point where the lowest water lever 
occurs. 

Valves in connections between 
column and boiler are dangerous 
and seldom ever needed, hence it 
is suggested that they should not 
be placed there at all, Run all 
pipes levels. 

Some provision in the lower con¬ 
nections should be made for blow¬ 
ing out the column. 

























































































Water Columns. 


57 
















































































5 « 


Penberty Injectors 




Injector 

MO. 

Thread 

X 

Gal. per 
Hour 

Horse 

Power 

A 

B 

c 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

J 

K 

Y 

00 

1 Pipe 

55 

4-8 


2 

1 T W 

li 

2 - 

li 

2* 

1 

21 

H 

1 

A 

* “ 

70 

8-16 

2§ 

2 r 7 s 

1* 

If 

2| 

1£ 

2* 

H 

21 

11 

f 

A A 

1 “ 

90 

12-22 

2't 

3A 

1-& 

lg 

2| 

li 

2| 

11 

21 

11 

f 

B 

f “ 

135 

17-32 

215. 

2f 

1* 

1* 

2{-| 

If 

3 

11 

21 

If 

1 

B B 

f “ 

165 

20-45 

Q1 5 
“hi 

2| 

Its 

1 9 s 

2 it 

It 

3 

H 

2j 

If 

1 

C 

1 “ 

300 

40-65 

3| 

3} 

Its 

n 

3| 

11 

3| 

If 

21 

2 

H 

CC 

1 “ 

350 

45-80 

3| 

3} 

1t 9 s 

If 

8| 

11 

3| 

If 

21 

2 

11 

D 

u “ 

400 

50-100 

4-& 

3| 

1|| 

21 

3] s 

21 

3 it 

11 

21 

2 rs 

11 

D D 

n “ 

500 

75-135 

4* 

3| 

lit 

2 * 

31 t 

21 

3 it 

11 

21 

2i 5 s 

11 

E 

ii “ 

700 

100-180 

4f 

41 

2 

2 | 

4J 

’ 2t 

4 V 

Its 

21 

31 

2 

E E 

i.} “ 

900 

150-225 


41 

2tY 

31 

41 

2 it 

4| 

If 

21 

31 

2 

F 

2 “ 

1100 

160-320 

5L 

5 

21 

3/s 

5 

311 

5| 

21 

21 

41 

21 

FF 

2 “ 

1400 

200-400 

6| 

5f' 

2 TV 

4i 


4 

51 

2 } 

21 

41 

21 

G 

2 } “ 

1800 

300-500 

8 3 5 j 

51 

3} 

4 H- 

6i 

4} 

6£ 

3} 

21 

41 

3 



























































Plain Oil Cups. 


59 



Plain Oil Cups. 

The dimension G is threaded 
as iron pipe of the size given, 




^ H 

A. 







<-G-> 



A 

B 

Ll 

D 

E 

F 

G 

FI 

I 

J 

K 

4 1 

ii 

* 

3 

8 

1 

8 

i 

r 

16 

1 

1 

i 

a 

4 

i 

3 

8 

8 " 

a 

4 

1 

1 

A 

11 

3 

T! 

i 

4 

ij- 

8 '' 

t 

t 

1 

1 

A 

11 

T6 

H 

I 

u 

1 

i 

8 

1 

h 

1 

11 

A 

11 

1 

11 


a 

4 

I 

1 

1 

1 

If 

1 

11 

1} 

11 

1 

8 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

il 

1] 

11 

f 

8 

11 

I 

5 

8 

1 

21 

1 

2 

1 j 

2[ 

3 

1 

11 

3 

8 

5 

"8 

f 

21 

1 

Ol 

15 

21 

a 

4 

11 

If 

1 

3 

J 

3 

8 

31 

1 

21 | 

21 

21 

I 

11 

1\ 

\ 

a 

4 

a 

8 

41 

1 

3 

2.1 

31 

f 

H 

11 

f 

1 

3 

8 

4f 

1 


Taped Hole for Oil Cup. 



Find A from table of pipe size and 
make G = 2A. 

Make D =1-16" to . 
B=length of perfect thread on pipe. 




































6o 


Grease Cups and Lnbricctors. 


















































































































Lubricators. 


6 r 


Dimensions of Sight Feed Lubricators. 



i Pint 

i Pint 

1 Pint 

1 Quart 

t Gai. 

1 Oa 7 . 

A 

*>8 


5 2 

1 

"it 

! 8 3 - 

°1 6 

B 

If 

1 8 

n 

0 r> 

W 1 B 

316 

3 5 

6 

C 

If 

If 

2 

2 2 

3/1; 

3 ft 

D 

21 

4 

4 

3 f 

4 J 

4 f 

E 

8 

8 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

0 

9 

1 <» 

.*» 

8 

F 

1 

•J 

1 

2 

12- 

2 

•5 4 

4 1 
’16 

G 

39 

6 4 

39 

64 

29 

3 2 

2 0 

32 

1 3 

a 3 2 

1 5 

1 1 6 

H 

9 3 
"16 

9 3 
"1 6 

2 ‘] 

913 

"16 

4 16 

4 ft 

J 

29 

3 2 

29 

3 2 

1 3 5 2 

1 5 
x 16 

If 

If 

K 

1J 

H 

1*2 

n 

If 

u. 

L 

9 j 

~'16 

9 1 
"16 


913 

"16 

Q 3 

O4 

3 a 

9 4 

M 

5 

i 

■» 

if 

Ilf 

2 

N 

u 

u 

U 

if 

If 

If 

O 

2f 

2g 

211 

3 t 9 e 

4, 7 e 

5 

P 

U 

If 

1 1 

1 2 

If 


If 

R 

2i 

3 2 

3f 

4ft 

4ff 

5 

S 

8f 

3f 

3 f 

3f 

3 f 

3f 

T 

i 

1 3. 

1* 

q 3 

°X 6 

3 2 

4ft 

Y 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1. 

O 

a 

4 

a 

4 

X 

L 

4 

L 

4 

i 

4 

L 

4 

f 

f 


MEMORANDUM 























62 


Whistles. 


In some of the larger sizes 
there is a recess between B 
and G as at D. The amount 
for G should be equally de- 
vided each side of the center 
line found by using P from 
the bottom. The distance 
across corners of the nut B 
can be taken equal to twice 
the outside diameter of the 
pipe used. 



Diam. 

Bell 

1 

n 

1* 

2 

2,1 

3 

31 

4 

5 

6 

8 

Size 

Pipe 

i 

3 

8 

a 

8 

f 

f 

1 

1 

If 

11 

2 

2J 

A 

6 

7 

8 

10| 

Ilf 

13 

131 

13| 

17f 

19f 

271 

B 

i 

3 

¥ 

£ 

£ 

f 

a 

4 

f 

a 

4 

f 

a 

4 

If 

C 

1 

n 

14 1 

n 

11 

11 

i£ 

If 

2 

21 

3 

D 





£ 

f 

5 

8 

a 

4 

a 

4 

f 

1 

E 

f 

4 

t 

n 

U 

H 

1J 

If 

i£ 

2 

2 f 

F 

i 

1 

1 

& 

8 

f 


i 

1 

8 

1 

1 

OL 

- 1 

G 

2.} 

3 

3} 

4 


5 

5f 

61 

8 

9} 

14 

H 

1 

1 

U 

i£ 

2 

2£ 

2} 

2} 

21 

21 

3£ 

J 

1 

u 

0 

2 1 

3 

31 

31 

4 

5 

51 

7 

K 

n 

11 

■ 2 

2» 

21 

3f 

4 

41 

51 

61 

81- 

L 

£ 

i 

U 

If 

lg 

2 

2 i- 

21 

21 

2} 

3] 

M 

l 

ii 

if 

Is 

11 

11 

lf . 

21 

21 

2 \ 

3 

N 

i£ 

n 

if 

2 

2 

2} 

2 f 

31 

3] 

3; 

4 ‘ 

0 

i 

3 

1 

f 

1 

3 

4 

f 

1 

1 

, 1 

1 

P 

8 

i£ 

l* 

If 

H 

2 

‘4 

01 

“3 

21 

21 

3 f 

' Q 

2 

21 

31 

41 

5 

6 

61 

7 

8' 

1 

81 

10 









































































tire Hydrants. 


63 



Fire Hydrants. 

The ordinary fire hydrants differ 
somewhat as to shape and more as to 
manner of operating, depending on the 
ideas of the maker. 

The different manufacturers claim 
points of superiority in their particular 
design, which must be decided by the per¬ 
son who is to purchase the hydrant. 

For simplicity of form,we have taken 
an illustration from the style made by the 
Norwood Engineering Go., Florence. 
Mass., who have kindly supplied the lead¬ 
ing dimensions in the following table. 

Two features should always be con¬ 
sidered in selecting a fire hydrant, acces¬ 
sibility to all parts for repairs and liability 
of freezing. 

The threads for hose connections are 
not all alike for the same size hydrants 
as made by the different manufacturers, 
so in ordering, alway follow instructions 
given in the catalog of the firm selected. 


Some General Dimensions 
are here given. 



Length from grade to bottom of pipe is made in 3, 3i, 4, 43, 5, 6, 7, 73, 8, 8£ 
and 9 ft. for all sizes. Openings are set at right angles with each other. 
















































































6 4 


Hose and tire Streams. 


HOSE. 

Rubber hose is made in sizes varying from )4 to 4" inclusive in 
two. three and four ply, Steam hose in sizes X to 3" inclusive in three 
four, five and six ply. Gotton hose, rubber lined in sizes % to 2)4 in¬ 
clusive. Hose couplings may be secured with iron pipe thread or if they 
have regular hose thread, a hose nipple may be secured with either male 
or female threads 

Several sizes of hose reducers may be secured as well as hose 
bushing's and strainers. 

Steam hose couplings are longer and have a much better joint than 
the ordinary hose coupling. 

Metalic Tubing is on the market, the sizes here shown, which is 
quite servicable for gases and fluids, even at rather high temperatures. 


Fire Streams 


Size of Nozzles 


1 Inch 


1£ Inches 

1] Inches 

If Inches 

Pressure at Nozzle 

40 

GO 

80 

100 

40 

60 

80 

100 

40 

60 

80 

100 

40 

60 

80 

100 

Pressure at Pump 
or Hydrant with 
100 ft. 2V Rubber 

48 

73 

97 

121 

54 

81 

108 

135 

61 

192 

123 

154 

71 

107 

144 

180 

Hose 

Gallons per min. 

155 

189 

219 

245 

196 

240 

277 

310 

242 

297 

342 

382 

293 

358 

413 

462 

Horzontal Distance 

















Thrown 

109 

142 

861 

186 

113 

148 

175 

193 

118 

156 

186 

207 

124 

166 

200 

224 

Vertical Distance 

















Thrown 

79 

10SJ13, 

148 

81 

112 

137 

157 

82 

115 

142 

164! 

85 

118 

146 

169 


MEMORANDUM 







































CHAPTER. V. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


A few notes on steam heating may not be amiss in this volume, 
for while the book is intented to give sizes and proportions of pipe fittings 
and valves, yet anything to assist the draftsman in the design of heating 
plants will be in order. 

Various formulas and notes have been laid out for the direction of 
the designer and no doubt much of it is very valuable matter, so what is 
given here will only be a small amount that has come under the obser¬ 
vation and experience of the author. 

In laying out heating systems, small pipes are found much more 
effective than large ones. 

The radiating surface of various sizes of pipes is shown here. 


1 h" pipe it will require 2 linear feet 

2" “ “ “ 

“ n 

ii ii 

2 i» << << « 

44 16 

Inches 

3' 44 41 “ 

44 13 

ii ii 

sr 44 44 44 

41 11 

ii ii 

4" << << ** 

“ 10 

ii ii 

4 ^» <« <. << 

44 9 

ii i i 

5" 44 “ “ 

44 8 

ii ii 


To give a square foot of radiating sur¬ 
face from 1 } 4 " pipe it will require 2 
linear feet, and for other sizes see list 
at left. 

The following table gives more ad¬ 
ditional values. 


HEATING SURFACE. 


STANDARD WEIGHT PIPE. 

EXTRA STRONG PIPE. 

DBLE. EX. STRONG PIPE. 

Length of Pipe in Ft. per Sq. Ft. of 

Length of Pipe in Ft. per Sq. Ft. of 

Length of Pipe in Ft. per Sq. Ft. of 

Size. 

External 

Surface. 

Internal 

Surface. 

Size 

External 

Surface. 

Internal 

Surface. 

Size. 

External 

Surface. 

Internal 

Surface. 

A 

9.44 

14.2 

X 

9.44 

18.63 

X 

4.55 

15.67 

X 

7.07 

10.5 

X 

7.07 

12.99 

X 

3.64 

9.05 

U 

5.66 

7.76 

H 

5.66 

9.07 

1 

2.90 

6.51 

X 

4.55 

6.15 

X 

4.55 

7.05 

IX 

2.30 

4.32 

X 

3.64 

4.64 

X 

3.64 

5.11 

ix 

2.01 

3.51 

1 

2.90 

3.66 

1 

2.90 

4.02 

2 

1.61 

2.56 

1 x 

2.30 

2.77 

IX 

2.30 

3.00 

2X 

1.33 

2.18 

IX 

2.01 

2.38 

IX 

2.01 

2.56 

3 

1.09 

1.67 

2 

1.61 

1.85 

2 

1.61 

1.97 

3X 

955 

1.41 

2X 

1.33 

1.55 

2X 

1.33 

1.65 

4 

.849 

1.22 

3 

1.09 

1.25 

3 

1.09 

1.33 

4X 

764 

1.07 

3X 

.955 

1.08 

3X 

.955 

1.14 

5 

.687 

.94 

4 

.849 

.949 

4 

.849 

1.00 

6 

,57T 

.78 

4X 

.764 

.848 

4X 

.764 

.893 

7 

.501 

.65 

5 

.687 

.757 

5 

.687 

.793 

8 

.443 

.35 

6 

.577 

.630 

6 

.577 

.664 

.... 

.... 


r 

.501 

.544 

7 

.501 

.598 




8 

.443 

.478 

8 

.443 

.502 




9 

.397 

.427 

9 

.397 

.443 




10 

.355 

.381 

10 

.355 

.399 




11 

.325 

.348 





..., 


12 

.299 

.319 

12” 

.299 

.325 





































(6 


Fife Coils for Heating . 


Pipe Coils for Heating. 


In radiators one sq. ft. to every 80 cu. ft. of space to be had is a 
fair average and one horse power in a boiler is generally sufficient, for a 
temperature of 70° Farh. and it is also said that on a sq. ft. of heating 
surface in a boiler to 100 in a church and 50 cu. ft. in dwelling is suffi¬ 
cient, 


It is necessary to estimate on the surface of glass, walls and ceil¬ 
ings and about this proportion can be assumed with safety.' 

One square foot of radiating surface for every 6 square feet of 
glass, or 100 square feet of wall. 

One square foot of radiating surface for every square foot of space. 

One square foot pf radiating surface with steam at 212° has been 
found to heat 100 cubic feet in an hour from 0 to 100. 

50 to 100% more heating surface required if heating is by indirect 
radiation is demanded for glass in windows than for the same surface in 
brick walls. 

A simple rule to find the radiating surface to heat a room, a hall 
or a building would be to*add together the square-foot of glass in windows 
the cubic feet of air required to be changed per minuet and the differ¬ 
ence of required temperature of room and than by the external air. De- 
vide the product by the difference,in the temperature of steam in room. 

In reference to steam mains, it is well to allow V 2 square inch of 
main to every 100 sq. ft. radiating surface carried on the main. 

The main pipe to be used to the various radiators will be XVz” 
for 60 to 75 feet of surface, 2" for 75 to 100, 2 V 2 " fcr ICO square feel 
and upwards, reducing as the radiators are passed. 


Making Pipe Coils for Heating Purposes. 

As a general rule, coils are made as long as the room or wall space 
where they are intented to be placed will allow them, to be, and the first 
thing is to find the length. 

Since allowance must be made for expansions, an upright portion is 
made as shown in Fig. 1 and if the total length of the coil is not mote 
than 12 feet, then pipe A need not be more than 18". The longer the 
h coil, the greater must be A in length. Six pipes to a coil 
is a very common number and 1 %” is generally used. (See 
A Chapter on Pipe for expansion of pipe and previous pages 
FIG 1 . .. for heating surface of pipe,) 

In Fig. 2^ is shown a return.bend 
coil and in Fig. 3 a double return, 
both affording ample expansion. 

Often in making up a heating coil 
































Pipe Coils for Heating, 


67 


some of the fittings will have to be made with right and left hand threads 
so that the coil may be put together readily. 

Fig. 3 is much better for hot water heating than Fig. 2 and the vents 
shoulds be placed as shown. m 

The desire to have the supply and - ■ - & 

return at the same end may be ac-^ i .— 

complished by arranging as in Fig. 4 Vi 

using branch tees or manifolds at one(^j . - .. . . 7 — 

end and right and left hand fittings at 


5 ) 

D 



FIG. 2, 

the other. 

This arrangement is good for 
both steam and hot water heating 
with the vents as shown. 

The vents are usually threaded 
for Yf pipe and fitted with air 
cocks. The drain or return pipe 
is usually one size smaller than 
the inlet. 



In very many cases of steam and hot water heating, the cast iron 
radiator is used instead of pipe coils. 

The height of the radiators vary from 15 to 48" and hence can be 
secured to fit almost any location in the building, the more common be¬ 
ing about 32". 


Tapping List of American Radiators 


Steam 

ONE-PIPE WORK 

Radiators containing 24 square feet and under . . . i 

Above 24, but not exceeding 60 feet . ! 1/ •' Jr 

Above 60, but not exceeding 100 feet . . J 3 

Above 100 square feet . . , ..2 inch 

TWO-PIPE WORK 

Radiators containing 48 square feet ancLunder . . 1 x inch 
Above 48, but not exceeding 96 feet . . . . : j y. v i j nc j, 

Above 96 square feet . > .. . . IKxl^ch 

Hot Water 


Radiators to fit curved or angular 
laces may be secured if exact ra¬ 
dius or angle of base board at the 
fbor where the radiator is to be 
placed is given. 

Owing to the difference in heights 
of supply and return end tappings 
Tom the floor, a sketch should be 


TAPPED FOR SUPPLY AND RETURN 


Radiators containing 40 square feet and under . 
Above 40, but not exceeding 72 square feet . . 
Above 72 square feet. 


I inch 
l H inch. 
1M inch 


openings will have right-hand threads, unless otherwise ordered 
air-valve tappings are regularly made /» inch 


s mt. 

The following illustration and 
tables are taken from the catalog 
f The American Radiator Go., 

















































































68 


Cast Iron Radiators . 


No.of 
Sec¬ 
tions 

♦Length 
2/4 in. 
per Sec. 

Heating Surface — Square Feet 

44 in. 
Height. 

6 sq. ft. 
per Sec. 

38-in. 

Height. 

5 sq. ft. 
per Sec. 

32-in. 
Height. 
454 sq. ft. 
per Sec. 

26-in. 
Height. 
354 sq. ft. 
per Sec. 

22 in. 
Height. 

3 sq. ft. 
per Sec. 

18-in. 
Height. 
254 sq. ffc 
per Sec. 

2 

5 

12 

10 

9 

754 

6 

454 

3 

754 

18 

15 

1354 

1154 

9 

654 

4 

10 

24 

20 

18 

15 

12 

9 

5 

12 54 

30 

25 

2254 

18 54 

15 

1154 

6 

15 

36 

30 

27 

2254 

18 

1354 

7 

17 'A 

42 

35 

3154 

2654 

21 

1554 

8 

20 

48 

40 

36 

30 

24 

18 

9 

2254 

54 

45 

4054 

3354 

27 

2054 

10 

25 

60 

50 

45 

3754 

30 

2254 


Chicago, but are only a 
few of the many given. 

The above radiators are 
tapped 2" and bushed as 
per the fo Rowing tables 
which gives openings re¬ 
quired for different 
amounts of heating sur¬ 
face. 



The height of inlet and outlet 
from the floor is 4^"for water; 4" 
for single steam 4^£ supply and 4" 
return, for double-pipe steam sys¬ 
tems. This variation is often ac¬ 
complished by eccentric bushings. 
In some cases a top feed and bot¬ 
tom return may be desired and this 
may be secured in certain patterns 
of water radiators. 

In estimating the length of a ra- 
iators, allow for each bushing. 
Table of Mains and Branches 


The above table will give the 
size of branches that can be sup¬ 
plied by any main. 


2 IK in. and 1 IK in., or 1 2 in. and 1 

1 2 A in. and 1 2 in., or 2 2 in. and 1 

2 2K in. or I 3 in., and I 2 in. or 3 

I 3'A in. and 1 2 'A in., or 2 3 in. and 4 

1 3 A in. and 1 3 in., or 1 4 in. and 1 

1 4 in. and 1 3 in., or 1 4A in. and 1 

2 4 in. and 1 3 in., or 4 3 in. or 10 

1 6 in. and 1 4 in., or 3 4 in. and 1 

2 6 in. and 1 5 in., or 5 4 in. and 2 


H in 
I in 
IK in 

1 A in 
IK in 
IK in 

2 in 
2 

2K in 
2K in 
2 in 


1 in 

« 

2 in 
2K in 

3 in 
3K in 

4 

4K 




























Bath Room Fixtures. 


69 


Bath Room Fixtures. 

The illustration shows out line of a bath tub, seat and bowln in a small 
both room, the dimensions of the wash stand being shown in the follow¬ 
ing sketch. 

For a side basin use dimensions as show. Tuts should be set with 
at least 3" clearance at the ends and backs and if room permit the tub 
should be 5'0" long, that being a very convenient size. 

Bowls should be set 30" from the floor. 




























































70 


Properties of Saturated Steam. 


I PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM. 


Absolute Pressure. 

Gage Pressure. 

Temperature F. 

Weight In Pounds 

per Cubic Foot 

of Steam. 

Volume In Cubic 

Feet of One 

Pound of Steam. 

Total Heat above 32° F. 

Latent Heat, 

Heat Units. 

In the Water, 

Heat Units. 

In the Steam, 

Heat Units. 

1 

- 27.9 

102.1 

.003 

334.23 

70.09 

1113.1 

1043.0 

5 

- 19.7 

162.3 

.014 

72.50 

130.7 

1131.4 

1000.7 

10 

- 9,6 

193,2 

,026 

37,80 

161.9 

1140,9 

979.0 

14,7 

0. 

212,0 

.038 

26.36 

180.9 

1146.6 

965.7 

15 

,3 

213.0 

.039 

25.87 

181.9 

1146.9 

965.0 

20 

5.3 

227,9 

.050 

19,72 

197,0 

1151,5 

954.4 

25 

10.3 

240.0 

.063 

15.99 

209.3 

1155.1 

945.8 

30 

15.3 

250.2 

.074 

13,48 

219.7 

1158.3 

938.9 

33 

20,3 

259.2 

.086 

11.66 

228.8 

1161.0 

932.2 

40 

25.3 

267.1 

.097 

10.28 

236.9 

1163.4 

926.5 

45 

30.3 

274.3 

,109 

9.21 

244.3 

1165.6 

921.3 

50 

35.3 

280.9 

.120 

8,34 

251.0 

1167,6 

916.6 

55 

40.3 

286.9 

.131 

7,63 

257.2 

1169.4 

912.3 

80 

45.3 

292,5 

.142 

7.03 

262,9 

1171.2 

908.2 

65 

50.3 

297.8 

.153 

6.53 

268.3 

1172.8 

904.5 

70 

55.3 

302.7 

.164 

6.09 

273.4 

11 / 4.3 

900.9 

75 

60,3 

307.4 

.175 

5.71 

278.2 

im .7 

897.5 

80 

65.3 

311.8 

,186 ' 

5.37 

282.7 

1177.0 

894.3 

85 

70.3 

316.0 

.197 

5.07 

287.0 

1178.3 

891.3 

90 

75.3 

320.0 

.208 

4.81 

291.2 

1179.6 

888.4 

95 

80.3 

323.9 

.219 

4.57 

295.1 

1180.7 

885.6 

100 

85.3 

327.6 

.230 

4.36 

298.9 

1181.8 

882.9 

110 

95.3 

334.5 

.251 

3.98 

306,1 

1184.0 

877.9 

120 

105.3 

341.0 

.272 

3.67 

312.8 

1185.9 

873.2 

130 

115.3 

347,1 

.294 

3.41 

319.1 

1187.8 

868.7 

140 

125.3 

352.8 

.315 

3.18 

325.0 

1189.5 

864.6 

150 

135.3 

358.2 

.336 

2.98 

330.6 

1191.2 

860.6 

160 

145.3 

363.3 

.357 

2.80 

335,9 

1192.7 

856.9 


From Supplement to Machinery . 






















7i 


PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM (Continued). 

Absolute Pressure. 

Gage Pressure. 

Temperature F. 

Weight In Pounds 
per Cubic Foot 

of Steam. 

Volume In Cubic 

Feet of One 

Pound of Steam. 

In the Water. ® 

Heat Units. !L 

z 

<* 

ibove 32° F. 

Erf 

£ c 

Is 

c 

Latent Heat, 

Heat Units. 

170 

155.3 

368.2 

.378 

2.65 

340.9 

1194.2 

853.3 

180 

165.3 

372.8 

.398 

2.51 

345.8 

1195.7 

849,9 

190 

175.3 

377.3 

.419 

2.39 

350.4 

1197.0 

846.6 

200 

185.3 

381.6 

.440 

2.27 

354,9 

1198.3 

843.4 

210 

195.3 

385.7 

.461 

2.17 

359.2 

1199.6 

840.4 

220 

205.3 

389.7 

.485 

2.06 

362.2 

1200,8 

838.6 

230 

215.3 

393.6 

.506 

1.98 

366,2 

1202.0 

835.8 

240 

225.3 

397.3 

.527 

1.90 

370,0 

1203.1 

833.1 

250 

235,3 

400.9 

.548 

1.83 

373.8 

1204.2 

830.5 

260 

245.3 

404.4 

.569 

1.76 

377.4 

1205.3 

827.9 

270 

255.3 

407.8 

.589 

1.70 

380.9 

1206.3 

825.4 

280 

265.3 

411.0 

.610 

1.64 

384.3 

1207.3 

823.0 

290 

275.3 

414.2 

.630 

1.585 

387.7 

1208.3 

820,6 

300 

285.3 

417.4 

.651 

1.535 

390,9 

1209.2 

818.3 

350 

335.3 

432.0 

.755 

1.325 

406.3 

1213.7 

807,5 

400 

385.3 

444.9 

.857 

1.167 

419.8 

1217.7 

797,9 

450 

435.3 

456.6 

.959 

1.042 

432.2 

1221.3 

789,1 

500 

485.3 

467.4 

1.062 

.942 

443,5 

1224.5 

781.0 

550 

535.3 

477.5 

1.164 

.859 

454.1 

1227,6 

773.5 

600 

585.3 

486.9 

1.268 

.780 

464.2 

1230.5 

766,3 

350 

635.3 

495.7 

1.368 

.731 

473,6 

1233,2 

759,6 

700 

685.3 

504.1 

1.470 

.680 

482.4 

1235.7 

753,3 

750 

735.3 

512.1 

1.572 

.636 

490.9 

1238,0 

747.2 

300 

785.3 

519.6 

1.674 

.597 

498.9 

1240,3 

741.4 

350 

835.3 

526.8 

1.776 

.563 

506.7 

1242.5 

735.8 

900 

885.3 

533.7 

1.878 

.532 

514.0 

1244.7 

730,6 

950 

935.3 

540.3 

1 980 

.505 

521.3 

1246,7 

725.4 

1000 

985.3 

546.8 

2.082 

.480 

528.3 

1248.7 

720.3 


From Supplement to Machinery. 

















72 


Weight of Water. 


Weight of Water per Cubic Foot and Heat Units in Water between 32° and 212° F. 

Temperature, 
Degrees F. 

Weight in 
pounds per 
Cubic Foot. 

Heat Units. 

Temperature, 
Degrees F. 

Weight in 

Pounds per 

Cubic Foot. 

Heat Units. 

Temperature, 

Degrees F. 

Weight in 

Pounds per 

Cubic Foot. 

■ 

Heat Units. 

Temperature, 

Degrees F. 

Weight in 

Pounds per 

Cubic Foot. 

Heat Units. 

32 

62.42 

0.00 

78 

62.25 

46.03 

124 

61.67 

92.17 

1 

170 

60.77 

138.45 

34 

62.42 

2.00 

80 

62.23 

48.04 

126 

61.63 

94.17 

172 

60.73 

140.47 

36 

62.42 

4.00 

82- 

62.21 

50.04 

128 

61.60 

96.18 

174 

60.68 

142.49 

38 

62.42 

6.00 

84 

62.19 

52.04 

130 

61.56 

98.19 

176 

60.64 

144.51 

40 

62.42 

8.00 

86 

62.17 

54.05 

132 

61.52 

100.20 

178 

60.59 

146.52 

42 

62.42 

10.00 

88 

62.15 

56.05 

134 

61.49 

102.21 

180 

60.55 

148.54 

44 

62.42 

12.00 

90 

62.13 

58.06 

136 

61.45 

104.22 

182 

60.50 

150.56 

46 

62.42 

14.00 

92 

62.11 

60.06 

138 

61.41 

106.23 

184 

60.46 

152.58 

48 

62.41 

16.00 

94 

62.09 

62.06 

140 

61.37 

108.25 

186 

60.41 

154.60 

50 

62.41 

13.00 

96 

62.07 

64.07 

142 

61.34 

110.26 

188 

60.37 

156.62 

52 

62.40 

20.00 

98 

62.05 

66.07 

144 

61.30 

112.27 

190 

60.32 

158.64 

54 

62.40 

22.01 

100 

62.02 

68.08 

146 

61.26 

114.28 

192 

60.27 

160.67 

56 

62.39 

24.01 

102 

62.00 

70.09 

148 

61.22 

116.29 

194 

60.22 

162.69 

58 

62.38 

26.01 

104 

61.97 

72.09 

150 

61.18 

118.31 

196 

60.17 

164.71 

60 

62.37 

28.01 

106 

61.95 

74.10 

152 

61.14 

120.32 

198 

60.12 

166.73 

62 

62.36 

30.01 

108 

61.92 

76.10 

154 

61.10 

122.33 

200 

60.07 

168.75 

64 

62.35 

32.01 

110 

61.89 

78.11 

156 

61.06 

124.35 

202 

60.02 

170.78 

66 

62.34 

34.02 

112 

61.86 

80.12 

158 

61.02 

126.36 

204 

59.97 

172.80 

68 

62.33 

36.02 

114 

61.83 

82.13 

160 

60.98 

128.37 

206 

59.92 

174.83 

70 

62.31 

38.02 

116 

61.80 

84.13 

162 

60.94 

130.39 

208 

59.87 

176.85 

72 

62.30 

40.02 

118 

61.77 

86.14 

164 

60.90 

132.41 

210 

59.82 

178.87 

74 

62.28 

42.03 

120 

61.74 

88.15 

166 

60.85 

134.42 

212 

59.76 

180.90 

76 

62.27 

44.03 

122 

61.70 

90.16 

168 

60.81 

136.44 





From Supplement to Machinery . 





























Comparison of 'Thermometer Ssca/e. 


73 


COMPARISON OF THERMOMETER SCALES. 

Centigrade. 

Reaumur. 

Fahrenheit. 

Centigrade. 

Reaumur. 

Fahrenheit. 

Centigrade. 

Reaumur. 

Fahrenheit. 

-30 

- 24,0 

- 22.0 

14 

11.2 

57.2 

58 

46,4 

136,4 

-28 

- 22.4 

- 18,4 

16 

12.8 

60,8 

60 

48.0 

140,0 

CO 

OJ 

1 

- 20.8 

- 14,8 

18 

14.4 

64.4 

62 

49,6 

143.6 

-24 

- 19.2 

- 11.2 

20 

16.0 

68.0 

64 

51.2 

147,2 

-22 

- 17.6 

- 7.6 

22 

17.6 

71.6 

66 

52.8 

150.8 

-20 

- 16.0 

- 4.0 

24 

19.2 

75,2 

68 

54.4 

154.4 

-18 

- 14.4 

- 0.4 

26 

20.8 

78.8 

70 

56.0 

158.0 

-18 

- 12,8 

3,2 

28 

22.4 

82.4 

72 

57.6 

161,6 

-14 

- 11.2 

6,8 

30 

24.0 

86.0 

74 

59.2 

165.2 

-12 

- 9.6 

10,4 

32 

25,6 

89,6 

76 

60.8 

168.8 

-10 

- 8,0 

14,0 

34 

27.2 

93.2 

78 

62.4 

172.4 

-8 

- 6.4 

17.6 

36 

28.8 

96.8 

80 

64.0 

176,0 

-6 

- 4.8 

21,2 

38 

30.4 

100.4 

82 

65.6 

179,6 

-4 

- 3.2 

24.8 

40 

32,0 

104.0 

84 

67.2 

183,2 

-2 

- 1.6 

28.4 

42 

33,6 

107.6 

86 

68.8 

186,8 

0 

0.0 

32,0 

44 

35.2 

111.2 

88 

70,4 

190.4 

2 

1.6 

35,6 

46 

36.8 

114,8 

90 

72.0 

194,0 

4 

. y-:. • • ( 

3.2 

39.2 

48 

38,4 

118.4 

92 

73,6 

197,6 

6 

4,8 

42,8 

50 

40.0 

122,0 

94 

75.2 

201.2 

8 

6,4 

46,4 

52 

41.6 

125.6 

96 

76.8 

204,8 

10 

.>o 

50,0 

54 

43,2 

129.2 

98 

78.4 

208.4 

12 

9.6 

53.6 

56 

44.8 

132,8 

100 

80.0 

212.0 


From Supplement to Machinery. 























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r-4 r—1 r-i r-i —4 —• —4 1-4 

1963.5 

1973.3 

1983.2 

1993.1 

2003.0 

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2022.8 

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152.760 

153.153 

153.545 

153.938 

154.331 

154.723 

155.116 

155.509 

155.902 

156.294 

156.68? 

157.080 

157.472 

157.865 

158.258 

158.650 

159.043 

159.431* 

159.829 

160.221 

160.614 

161 . 00 : 

161.399 

161.792 

162.185 

162.577 

162.970 

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166.504 
166.897 
167.290 
167.683 
168.075 
168.4G8 
168.861 
169.253 

169.646 
170.039 
170.431 
170.824 
171 217 
171.609 
172.002 

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76 


Decimal Equivalents. 

Decimal Equivalents 


1-64 

.015625 

17-64 

.265625 

! 

33-64 

.515625 

49-64 

.765625 

1-32 

.03125 

9-32 

.28125 

17-32 

.53125 

25-32 

.78125 

3-64 

.046875 

19-64 

.296875 

35-64 

.546875 

51-64 

.796875 

1-16 

.0625 

5-16 

.3125 

9-16 

.5625 

13-16 

.8125 

5-64 

.078125 

21-64 

.328125 

37-64 

.578125 

53-64 

.828125 

3-32 

.09375 

11-32 

.34375 

19-32 

.59375 

27-32 

.84375 

7-64 

.109375 

23-64 

.359375 

39-64 

.609375 

55-64 

.859375 

1-8 

.125 

3-8 

.375 

5-8 

.625 

7-8 

.875 

9-64 

.140625 

25-64 

.390625 

41-64 

.640625 

57-64 

.890625 

5-32 

.15625 

13-32 

.40625 

21-32 

.65625 

29-32 

.90625 

11-64 

.171875 

27-64 

.421875 

43-64 

.671875 

59-64 

.921875 

3-16 

.1875 

7-16 

.4375 

11-16 

.6875 

15-16 

.9375 

13-64 

.203125 

29-64 

.453125 

45-64 

.703125 

61-64 

.953125 

7-32 

.21875 

15-32 

.46875 

23-32 

.71875 

31-32 

.96875 

15-64 

.234375 

31-64 

.484375 

47-64 

.734375 

63-64 

.984375 

1-4 

.25 

1-2 

.50 

3-4 

1.75 

1 



Lengths of Threads Cut on Bolts. 



Bolts longer than 20 inches and larger than 1inches in diameter will 
be threaded about 3 times the diameter of the rod. 


Weight of Nuts, Bolt heads and Round bars in pounds. 


Dia. of Bolt 

4 

a 

8 

A 

1 

a 

4 

l 

1 

11 

1 * 

1 ! 

2 

2 * 

3 

Weight of 
Hex. Nut 
and Head 

.017 

.067 

.128 

.267 

.43 

.73 

1.10 

2.14 

3.78 

5.6 

8.75 

17.0 

28.8 

Weight, of 
Sq. Nut 
and Head 

.021 

.079 

.164 

.320 

.55 

.88 

1.31 

2.56 

4.42 

7.0 

10.5 

21.0 

36.4 

Weight of 
Hex Nut 
& Sq. Head 

.019 

.061 

.144 

.321 

.542 

.75 

1.01 

2.45 

3.58 

5.7 

7.5 

17.8 

31.8 

Weight of 
Round Bar 
per foot 

.167 

.375 

.667 1.043 1.502 

2.044 2.670 4.173 6.008 8.178 

13.60 21.25 30.60 



























































Standard U. S. Threads . 


77 




u. s 

STANDARD SCREW THREADS. 










Safe Load on 

Nominal Diameter 
of Screw. 

Number 

of 

Threads 
per inch. 

Diameter of Tap at Root- 
of Thread. 

Size of Tap Drill, giving 
a Clearance of % the 
Height of the Original 
Thread Triangle. 

Area at 
Root of 
Thread. 

Threaded Bolt 
on basis of 

6,COO lbs. 
Stress persq. 

In. of Section at 







• 


Root of Thread. 

Inches- 

Inches. 


Inches. 

Nearest 64ths. 

Inches. 

Nearest 64th$. 

Sq. In. 

Pounds. 

i 

.250 

20 

.185 

T? — 

.196 

13 _ 

57 

.027 

162 

T¥ 

.312 

18 

.240 

M + 

.252 

i + 

.045 

270 

3 

s 

.375 

16 

.294 

tf — 

.307 

tV~ 

.068 

408 

f? 

.437 

14 

.345 

11 

75 

.360 

M+ 

.093 

558 

1 

.500 

13 

.400 


.417 

fr~ 

.126 

756 

tV 

.562 

12 

.454 

H+ 

.472 

M+ 

.162 

997 

5 

S’ 

.625 

11 

.507 

1 + 

.527 

17_ 

75 

.202 

1210 

H 

.687 

11 

.569 

9 -U 

15' 

.589 

f£~ 

.254 

1520 

8 

4 

.750 

10 

.620 

s _ 

¥ 

.642 

n+ 

.302 

1810 

if 

.812 

10 

.683 

H- 

.704 

7? + 

.366 

2190 

1 

.875 

9 

.731 

H- 

.755 

4 + 

.420 

2520 

1 6 
T7 

.937 

9 

.793 


.817 

tt+ 

.494 

2960 

1 

1.000 

8 

.838 


.865 

65 1 
¥7 + 

.551 

3300 

It 1 ? 

1.062 

8 

.900 

14— 

TZ 

.927 

M+ 

.636 

3810 

1 i 

1.125 

7 

.939 


.970 

li+ 

.694 

4160 

It? 

1.187 

7 

1.002 

1 + 

1.032 

I 37 + 

.788 

4720 

H 

1.250 

7 

1.064 

1t*?+ 

1.095 

1&+ 

.893 

5350 

11 

1.375 

6 

1.158 

1t5+ 

1.215 

1 

1.057 

6340 

n 

1.500 

6 

1.283 

I 37 + 

1.345 

Hi+ 

1.295 

7770 

H 

1.625 

5* 

1.389 

Itt- 

1.428 

1 H+ 

1,515 

9090 

1 * 

1.750 

5 

1.490 

m+ 

1.534 

1H+ 

1.746 

10470 

1 i 

1.875 

5 

1.615 

1**+ 

1.659 

1»+ 

2.051 

12300 

2 

2.090 

44 

1.711 

1 23_ 

lira 

1.760 

1 49_ 

'rr 

2.302 

13800 

2 i 

2.250 

4* 

1.931 

1li+ 

2.010 

2A- 

3.023 

18100 

2 3 

2.500 

4 

2.175 

2H+ 

2.230 

2«- 

3.719 

22300 

2 T 

2.750 

4 

2.425 

2 h+ 

2.480 

Osi_ 

*37 

4.620 

27700 

3 

3.000 

34 

2.629 

21 + 

2.691 

2H+ 

5.428 

32500 

3 i 

3.250 

34 

2.879 

21 + 

2.941 

2U+ 

6.510 

39000 

3i 

3.500 

34 

3.100 

3i&+ 

3.167 

3H- 

7.548 

45300 

3* 

3.750 

3 

3.317 

3t?+ 

3.389 

311- . 

8.641 

51800 

4 

4.000 

3 

3.’567 

3t?+ 

3.639 

3H- 

9.963 

59700 


Cast Iron 
Washers. 



Boi/f. 

X 

X 

X 

X 

1 

IX 

IX 

IX 

ix 

IX 

IX 

IX 

2 

2X 

A . 

iV 

11 
T 6 

13 
T 6 

T 6 

Ir 6 


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1 7 

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H* 

m 

Hf 

2A 

9 5 

“MIT 

B. 

2 

2 X 

3 

ax 

4 

4X 

5 

5X 

6 

6X 

7 

7X 

7 X 

7 % 

C. 

IX 

ix 

2 

2X 

2X 

2X 

3 '/ 

3X 

3X 

4 


4X 


5 

D. 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

1 

IX 

IX 

IX 

1 7 

MIT 

ix 

ifV 

ix 

im 

Weight per 100... 

21 

43 

70 

113 

175 

256 

332 

455 

610 

737 

865 

990 

1115 

1350 


LofC. 


























































7S 


Tables of Washers. 



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Pump Sizes 


79 


Sizes for Boiler Feed Pumps. 


Diam. 

Steam 

Cyl. 

Diam. 

Water 

Cyl. 

Stroke 

Horse- 

Power 

Boilers. 

Steam 

Pipe 

Exh’st 

Pipe 

Suct'n 

Pipe 

Dischg 

Pipe 

3^ 

2V4 

4 

30- 40 

% 

y 2 

1 

% 

4 % 

234 

4 

80-100 

X 

X 

o 

m 

5J4 

S'A 

5 

140-160 

% 

IX 

2y 2 

iy 2 


Sizes of Boiler Fittings. 


Horse-power-— 

30 

35 

40 

45 

50 

55 

60 

70 

75 

85 

100 

125 


In 

In 

In 

In 

In 

In 

In 

In 

In 

In 

In 

In 

Blow-off Pipe- 

4 

4 



4 

2 

2 

0 

Li 

2 

‘4 

24 

2 h 

Blow-off Cock— 

4 

4 

u 

4 

4 

4 

4 


4 

‘2 

2 

2 

Feed-valve and 













Check-valve- 

l 

i 

1 

1 

1 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 


MEMORANDUM. 







































Index 


INDEX 

A h 


Areas Circles 

74 

B 

Basins 

69 

Bushings 

28 

Bell and Spigot Pipe 

I2 "43 

Bending of Pipe 

7 

Bursting of Pipe 

3 

Bath Tubes 

69 

Branch Tees 

36 

Bends 

8 

C 


Cast Iron Fittings 

32 

Cast Iron Pipe 

12 , 13 , 14 

Columns 

9 

Capacities of Pipe 

4-21 

Covering of Pipe 

6 

Couplings 

17 

Check Valves 

50 

Cocks 

51-56 

Caps 

28 

D 

Drain Pipe 

21 

Drills for Pipe 

4 

E 

Expansion of Pipe 

6 

Elbows, Cast Iron 

33-34 

Elbows, Malleable 

24 

Elbows, Flanged 

40-41 

F 

Flanges 

3i-3 8 

Flange Unions 

39 

Flange Fittings 

40 

Flanged Pipe 

13-14 

Fittings 

22-30 

Fire Steams 

64 

Q 

Globe Valves, Brass 

47 

“ “ Iron 

48 

Gages 

55 

Goose Necks 

10 

Gate Valves 

54 


Hanging Pipe 

6 

Hydrants 

63 

Hose 

1 

64 

Injectors 

58 

L 

Lead Pipe 

18-19 

Lubricators 

61 

Laterals 

42 

M 

Manifolds 

36 

N 

Nipples 

11 

Nuts 

28 

0 

Oil Cups 

59-60 

P 

Pipe Coils 

66 

Pipe Sizes 

5 

Pressure Gages 

55 

Plugs Cast Iron 

28 

Plugs Brass 

52 

Pump Sizes 

79 

R 

Radiators 

67 

Radiator Valves 

52 

Return Bends, Malleable 

27 

‘ * Cast Iron 

37 

Reducing Couplings 

26 

Reducing Tees 

35 

Railings 

29 

Railing Fitting 

30 

S 

Street Elbows 

25 

Steam Gages 

55 

Stop Cocks 

5i 

Syphons 

11 

Steam Heating 

65 

Safety Valve 

53 

Sewer Pipe 

20 

“Spiral” Pipe 

15 

Saddles 

4i 


82 


Index Continued 


INDEX Continued. 


Thermometers 

73 

Threads 

4 

Tees Cast Iron 

33-34 

Tees, Malleable 

24 

Tees, Flanged 

40-41 

Tapping Radiators 

67 

U 

Unions 

3i 

Unions, Flanged 

39 

U. S. Standard Threads 

77 


Valves 

45 

‘ ‘ Flanged 

49 

“ Gate 

54 

Check 

50 

‘ ‘ Radiation 

52 

‘ ‘ Safety 

53 

W 

Water Columns 

56 

Whisles 

62 

Wrought Iron Flanges 

3i «. 

Washers 

77-78 

Y 

Y—Branches 

26 


/ 

















. 




y 





























































NOV 1 BOt 














